The aim of this article is to summarise the factors that influence the occurrence of complications after surgical extraction of teeth in horses. This is influenced not only by the choice of method, but also by the age of the horse, the position of the tooth, the experience of the person performing the procedure and the available diagnostics methods. It should be emphasised that the procedure is performed only when there is no possibility of further conservative treatment and an increasing clinical condition may be an important risk factor for complications. Further studies focusing on the topic are needed to fully assess the number of complications and the links between their occurrence and the relevant factor.