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Scan to discover onlineBackground & Objective: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among Iranian women and worldwide. Lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) was found to be an independent prognostic factor in many carcinomas, including invasive carcinoma of the breast. The aim of this study was to compare the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method and use of the immunohistochemical (IHC) marker ofD2-40, for evaluation of LVI in breast carcinoma specimens. Methods:The study was conducted on 50 patients undergone surgery between the years 2010 and 2015 in Rohani Hospital, Babol, Iran with invasive carcinoma of the breast with Census sampling method. LVI was assessed by two surgical pathologists, using H&E-stained sections and two IHC markers, i.e., D2-40 and CD31.Results: LVI was detected in 25 (50%) patients by H&E and in 14 (28%) patients by D2-40. Twelve out of 25 patients with positive LVI in H&E were confirmed by D2-40 and 2 out of 25 patients with negative lymphatic vessel in H&E. Only one case showed weak staining of CD31 proving LVI. These results showed a significant difference between the H&E staining and D2-40 IHC study for LVI detection (P=0.004). Conclusion:The D2-40 IHC marker is helpful in the diagnosis and confirmation of LVI in invasive carcinoma of the breast. CD31 is not suitable for the evaluation of lymphatic vessels.

Background:The increasing incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the inadequacy of routine histologic examination in its diagnosis necessitate the application of ancillary studies like immunohistochemistry. This research aimed to investigate the scoring system and diagnosis of PTC with cytokeratin 19 (CK19), human bone marrow endothelium marker-1 (HBME-1), and galectin-3.Methods: This experimental laboratory study was performed at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran from April 2017 to March 2019. Neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue samples of 100 cases with a diagnosis of PTC were selected by convenience sampling. CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 immunohistochemistry markers were used on tissue samples. Analysis was performed using the t test and the chi-square test, as well as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (significance level P < 0.05).Results: The CK19 staining was observed in all 100 (100%) non-neoplastic tissues, but HBME-1 and galectin-3 were positive in 36 (36%) and 14 (14%) of non-neoplastic tissues, respectively. The intensity scores of all the markers and their total had significantly different means in PTC and non-neoplastic tissues (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between the total score of each marker and the total score of their combination (P < 0.001). The combination of all 3 markers with an 11.5 0 cut-off for the total score showed the most sensitive (0.99) and specific (1.00) results.Conclusion: Interpreting CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 with the aid of the proposed scoring system was fruitful. HBME-1 and galectin-3 can be used individually or in combination for the diagnosis of PTC.