The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Trinta e cinco espécies de musgos e 27 de hepáticas são referidas como novas para o estado áe Roraima. Os musgos pertencem a 23 gêneros e 11 famílias e as hepáticas a 21 gêneros e 3 famílias. Para cada espécie são apresentados dados quanto a distribuição geográfica no Brasil, localidade-tipo, basiônimo, bem como comentários sobre o substrato e caracteres importantes para sua identificação. Apenas Odontolejeunea lunulata(Web.) Schiffn., Sphagnum erythrocalyxHampe, Taxithelium planum(Brid.) Mitt. e Thuldium urceolatumLor. já haviam sido citadas para o local. Cololejeunea minutissima(Smith) Schiffn. e Microlejeunea ulicina(Tayl.) Tayl. ex G., L. & Nees estão sendo citadas pela primeira vez para o Brasil.

A bryological survey in southeastern Brazil revealed a new liverwort species, Diplasiolejeunea cubatensis from São Paulo State. The new species stands out having leaves without ocelli, cells with trigones and intermediate thickenings, flat lobules, very small underleaves which are as wide as stem, underleaf lobes only 2 cells wide at base and with the tip ending in a row of 2 cells, monoicous sexuality and perianths 5-keeled only in the upper half. The new species is described, illustrated and briefly discussed.

119DIga Yano (2) Zélia Rodrigues de Mello (3) RESUMO -O estudo da família mono típica Phyllogoniaceae (Bryopsida) baseiase na descrição da espécie Phyllogonium viride Brid. e inclui apresentação de esquemas e desenhos necessários para identificação sistemática e sua distribuição geográfica no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Phyllogonium viride, musgo. distribuição, Brasil.ABSTRACT -A studyu of the monotypic family Phyllogoniaceae (Bryopsida) is presented, including for the species Phyllogonium viride Brid. a morphological description, illustrations and its distribution in Brazil.

Serra do Mar State Park (PESM) is located in southeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, and is the largest Atlantic Rainforest conservation area in the country. The park is divided into 10 nuclei, and the Itutinga-Pilões nucleus (NIP) was selected for study since no survey of liverworts species richness had yet been conducted there. The floristic similarities between the NIP and different areas of Atlantic Rainforest in São Paulo state were also assessed. One hundred and eighty liverworts species were identified in the three vegetation types (lowland, submontane, and montane ombrophilous forests) encountered in the NIP, distributed among 62 genera and 21 families. Lejeuneaceae showed the highest species richness with 80 species. The high number of epiphyllous species found in the study area (26% of all species) was notable. In terms of their worldwide distributions, 57% of the species are Neotropical. Clustering analysis showed that the areas of the PESM and Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station were grouped together with the highest similarity values. The liverworts flora of the NIP demonstrates the importance of that nucleus for the conservation of liverworts diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest of the São Paulo state, as well as in Brazil.