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<p>As a vector transmission network structure, the capsule neural network has been one of the research hotspots in deep learning since it was proposed in 2017. In this paper, the latest research progress of capsule networks is analyzed and summarized. Firstly, we summarize the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks and introduce the basic concept of capsule network. Secondly, we analyze and summarize the improvements in the dynamic routing mechanism and network structure of the capsule network in recent years and the combination of the capsule network with other network structures. Finally, we compile the applications of capsule network in many fields, including computer vision, natural language, and speech processing. Our purpose in writing this article is to provide methods and means that can be used for reference in the research and practical applications of capsule networks.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>