Solid-state batteries have been considered as promising next-generation energy storage devices for potentially higher energy density and better safety compared with commercial lithium-ion batteries that are based on organic liquid electrolytes. However, in terms of indispensable solid-state electrolytes, there are remaining issues to be solved before entering the market. Most solid-state electrolytes are air-sensitive, which causes a complex and expensive cell assembly and impressible interface. Therefore, the solid-state electrolytes are expected to be atmosphere-stable, which will undoubtedly bring significant benefits to solid-state battery manufacturing. This review covers air-stabilityrelated issues of different types of inorganic solid-state electrolytes and the corresponding strategies. First, we provide an overview of solid-state electrolytes and solid-state batteries, including their history and advantages/disadvantages. Then, different types of solid-state electrolytes are selected as examples to illustrate the unfavorable interactions in air and the corresponding adverse effects. Next, according to recent advances, we summarize the effective strategies of constructing different types of air-stable inorganic solid-state electrolytes. Finally, perspectives on designing accessible air-stable solid-state electrolytes are provided, aiming to achieve the assembly of high-performance solid-state batteries in the atmosphere.

Lithium–sulfur chemistry suffers from poor conversion reaction kinetics, causing low‐capacity utilization of sulfur cathodes, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, based on low‐cost and abundant commercial sulfur particles directly, a low concentration electrolyte (LCE, 0.1 m) is employed to accelerate lithium–sulfur conversion reaction at low temperatures, demonstrating a broad applicability of this approach. Compared to conventional concentration (1.0 m) electrolytes, the proposed LCE successfully enhances conversion kinetics from Li2S4 to Li2S and restrains shuttle effects of polysulfides, resulting in higher capacity utilizations and more stable cycle performance at 0 and −20 °C. Further interfacial chemistry analyses on cycled electrodes reveal that a hybrid surface layer dominated by organic species as well as some favorable inorganics is constructed in the LCE, demonstrating smaller surface layer resistance. In situ EIS measurements at 0 °C and CV tests reveal main differences of electrode kinetics in 0.1 and 1 m electrolytes, further explaining the differences in working mechanism of two electrolytes. These findings elucidate the roles of LCEs on realizing faster kinetics for cryogenic lithium–sulfur batteries and provide a simple, low‐cost, and widely applicable pathway for achieving high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries under extreme conditions.

Concentration of electrolyte has significant effects on performances of rechargeable batteries. Previous studies mainly focused on concentrated electrolytes. So far, only several recipes on low-concentration electrolytes were studied, performing enhanced performance in advanced rechargeable batteries. Here, based on common electrolyte components, a lowconcentration electrolyte composed of 0.2 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) solvated in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is employed for high-voltage Li metal battery. The synergistic working mechanisms of introducing fluorinecontaining solvent in the solvated structure and low salt concentration effect are revealed, resulting in LiF-rich, uniform, and robust solid electrolyte interphase layer and fewer unfavorable decomposition products. As a result, this low-concentration electrolyte significantly enhances electrochemical performances of Li j j Li symmetric cells and high-voltage LiCoO 2 j j Li batteries.

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