Diabetic osteoporosis (DO) is a complication of diabetes. Zishen Jiangtang Pill (ZJP) is a Chinese herbal product which has been used in clinic to maintain blood glucose level and bone density for decades. However, the evidence about its mechanism on diabetes and osteoporosis is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate therapeutic effect of ZJP on DO in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced rats. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: one control group (CON), one model group (MOD), and two ZJP treatment groups (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg/d). All rats were treated for 8 weeks. Results showed that ZJP decreased the blood glucose level during OGTT and prevented the changes of FBG and Fins. Similarly, ZJP inhibited the changes of BCa, P, TRACP-5b, CTX-1, BALP, and BGP and the reduction of BMD. In parallel, 1H-NMR metabolomic studies showed that ZJP significantly altered the metabolic fingerprints of blood and urine level. These findings suggest that ZJP can effectively improve glucose metabolism, abnormal bone metabolism, and metabolic disorders in DO rats, which may be a useful alternative medicine for DO therapy.

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Porphyrins are a class of macromolecular heterocyclic compounds formed by the inter-carbon atoms of four pyrrole-like subunits through the submethyl bridge (〓CH▬). Porphyrin rings have 26 electrons in highly conjugated system and are easily modified peripheral structures, often serve as ideal building blocks to construct self-assembled nanostructures with excellent physical and chemical properties. Porphyrin nanostructures have excellent visible light absorption properties, which will significantly improve the efficiency of electron–hole separation, and are also commonly used in photocatalysis fields. Porphyrin photosensitizers have superior strong phototoxicity and little side effects, and are widely used in tumor photothermal/photodynamic treatment. This chapter summarizes the self-assembly methods of porphyrins, the applications progress of porphyrin self-assembled nanomaterials in photocatalysis and tumor therapy, and discusses the development trend in future of porphyrin nanomaterials.