In this study, the diseased fish samples were collected from fish farms in the nine different dam lakes during the summer months between July 2014 and September 2018. It is isolated twenty-two bacteria from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eyes showing exophthalmos symptoms. All isolates identification was carried out by using conventional biochemical tests, API 20 Strep test kit and PCR test. ATCC 43921 reference strain of the Lactococcus garvieae was used as a positive control. The PCR test was confirmed by using the pLG-1 and pLG-2 reference genes (16S rRNA) specific for the L. garvieae species. As a result of this study, all of the twenty-two isolates isolated from the eyes of diseased rainbow trout were confirmed as L. garvieae by PCR test. According to the results of antibiotic susceptibility test, all of the L. garvieae isolates were resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The same isolates have been determined to be resistant to ampicillin (94.2%), oxytetracycline (72.5%), erythromycin (55.07%), oxolinic acid (43.5%), enrofloxacin (26.09%), doxycycline (20.3%), amoxicillin and florfenicol (8,7%) as well. Thus, florfenicol, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin were found as the most effective antibiotics.

Here, we identified prognostic factors and propose a prognostic score to estimate survival, which can be applied to all patients independent of tumour site and before initial treatment. Further validation in prospective trials is required.

Plasmapheresis is a well-accepted treatment option in severe hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP). The rationale behind this approach is the depletion of triglycerides and the reduction of inflammatory cytokines. The time span between onset of clinical symptoms and start of plasmapheresis might have an important impact on mortality. Hyperviscosity of patients' plasma represents another special challenge for the applied separation technology. The procedures can be performed either by centrifugal device (CFD) or membrane based (MBS) units. The present study reports the outcome of 10 patients suffering from HTG. The expected mortality of the collective was 25%. Plasmapheresis was started after an average 16.3 h (SD ± 6.7 h) after onset of symptoms. No mortality occurred. Apheresis was statistically equally effective with both devices. A median of 3 sessions reduced the TG level to normal and correlated with patients' improvement. During follow up, three patients developed a pancreatic pseudocyst requiring surgical intervention without further complication.

Öz: Bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde kültürü yapılan gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) çiftliklerinde hastalıklı balıklardan izole edilen Yersinia ruckeri'nin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Hastalık semptomları gösteren balıkların dalak ve böbreklerinden sağlanan örneklerin çoğaltım besi yerlerine ekimleri yapılmıştır. Bu besiyerleri soğutmalı inkübatörde 20±1ºC'de 48 saat süreyle inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. İnkübe edilen bakteri izolatlarında hareket muayenesi, katalaz, oksidaz ve OF besi yerinde oksidatif/fermentasyon testleri yapılmıştır. Bu test sonuçlarına göre API 20E test kiti kullanılarak suşlar biyokimyasal olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kaynatma DNA örnekleri kullanılarak Y. ruckeri izolatları polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca, Y. ruckeri Tip 1 antikoru ile yapılan aglütinasyon testine göre serotip O1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Antibiyotik hassasiyet testleri yapılmıştır. Y. ruckeri izolatların %97.5'i ampisilin'e ve %62.8'i oksitetrasiklin'e karşı dirençli olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla bölgemizdeki kontamine balık çiftlikleri tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute stress responses of Black Sea trout to acute thermal fluctuations. Black Sea trout (184.22 g mean weight) were transferred from a private trout farm to a research center and restocked in a fiberglass square tank. After acclimation to culture conditions (at a water temperature of 15 °C) for 2 weeks, the fish in the experiment were exposed to 25 °C water temperature for 30 min, and the stress responses of the fish were examined at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. After acute thermal shock, cortisol and glucose levels increased during the first hour in the experimental group. However, cortisol and glucose levels returned to their normal values after 6 and 36 h, respectively. Lysozyme activity decreased at 3 h and rose to its normal level at 12 h after the experiment. Total protein and serum ion concentrations were also affected and fluctuated due to acute thermal stress. Short-term acute thermal exposure also caused a serum ionic imbalance in the trout, but homeostasis was restored at 72 h.