• Bilateral IF spaces are commonly asymmetrical in asymptomatic individuals. • MRI signal abnormalities can be observed within IF space in asymptomatic people. • Abnormal quantitative/qualitative MRI findings are not necessarily related to IF impingement.

Declaration of financial/other interests SR is a current employee of Vyoo Agency, which has received consulting fees from Medtronic. MIB, ZO, SdP and OC are current employees of Medtronic, which manufactures the MiniMed™ 670G insulin pump system. JME peer reviewers on this manuscript have received an honorarium from JME for their review work, but have no other relevant financial relationships to disclose.

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In this study, 12 new oxime ether derivatives, which were expected to show anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities, were synthesized. Oxime ether derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various alkyl halides with 1-(2- naphthyl)-2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime. Anticonvulsant activity of the compounds was determined by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (ScM) seizure tests, while neurological disorders were evaluated using rotorod toxicity test according to the ASP of NIH. Compound 1, 6 and 7 showed anticonvulsant activity at 300 mg/kg dose at 4 h, but compounds 1 and 7 showed toxicity at 300 mg/kg dose at half an hour. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were also determined using agar microdilution method. Compound 1 and 5 were found to have the highest antifungal activity among the other compounds.

Background: The MAO enzyme which is presented in the brain and peripheral tissues and is a significant enzyme that is responsible for the deamination of biogenic amines and thus regulation of neurotransmitter levels. The reaction of these neurotransmitters with MAO enzyme produces aldehyde and free amine. MAO enzyme consists of two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, which are characterized by amino acid sequence, three-dimensional structure, substrate preference and inhibitor selectivity. Dopamine, tyramine, and tryptamine are substrates of both MAO isoforms and MAO inhibitors such as clorgiline, selegiline that are used as medications in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. In particular, MAO-A inhibitors are used in the treatment of depression, while MAO-B inhibitors are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is also investigated whether MAO-B inhibitors are effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Nowadays, life expectancy has increased; as a result, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease have started to seen more frequently. The elderly population is increasing day by day. As a result of these common diseases in the elderly people, these people are unable to do their jobs and need care. Therefore, these diseases have become a significant health problem in society. Methods: In this study, review, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Research articles with peer-reviewed were searched. The quality of the examined articles was evaluated with standard tools. The information obtained was analyzed conceptually by using qualitative content analysis methodology. Results: One hundred and five papers were included in the review. The current MAO-B inhibitors and their usage areas are discussed together with the structures of the drugs; also, their possible effects in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s treatment are evaluated. In addition, different articles have been compiled in which structures such as arylalkylamines, chalcones, benzoquinone, benzoxazinone, chromen are substituted with various functional groups and aromatic rings, and structures of 44 different compounds that have recently been developed and their inhibitory effects on MAO-B enzyme. As a result, the structure required for MAO-B inhibition and SAR studies are discussed and the literature was shed light. Conclusion: Many studies demonstrate that MAO-B activity increases with age in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and platelets in Alzheimer's patients. This suggests that MAO-B inhibitor drugs, which may be effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, may also be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This article was written to explain the multifaceted MAO-B inhibitor molecules.