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Objective: To evaluate the effect of different bracket types on the levels of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (LB) in saliva, in plaque, and on the periodontal condition. Materials and Methods: Forty patients aged 14 to 16 years, who had Angle Class I malocclusion with minimal crowding, were nonsmokers, were without systematic disease, and did not use antibiotics or oral mouth rinses during the 3-month period before the study were randomly selected. The patients were subdivided into two groups with random allocation of bracket type: conventional brackets (CB; Avex Mx, OPAL orth.) with steel wire ligature or self-ligating brackets (SLB; F1000, Leone S.p.A.). Microbial and periodontal records were obtained before bonding (T 1 ) and 1 month after bonding (T 2 ). Microbial samples were collected from the stimulated saliva and the plaque from the labial surfaces of the upper and lower lateral incisors. To estimate the number of colonyforming units of SM and LB, Dentocult SM and LB kits were used. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and pocket depth (PD) values were recorded to evaluate the periodontal condition. Paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the groups statistically. Results: No significant differences occurred in SM or LB colonization between the groups. In the SLB group, PI, GI, and PD values increased significantly (P , .05). A greater increase was found in PD value in the SLB group (0.98 mm) compared with the CB group (0.04 mm; P , .05). Conclusions: The F1000 SLB do not have an advantage over Avex Mx CB with respect to periodontal status and colonization of SM and LB.

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the association of the denture care with oral hygiene habits, knowledge and periodontal status geriatric patients wearing removable partial denture (RPD) and to compare the relationship between denture cleaning and tooth brushing frequency. Patients and MethodsIn total, 553 participants wearing RPD for at least 6 months and aged 65-86 years were asked to complete a questionnaire following the clinical examination. Chisquare analysis and Fisher's exact test utilized to analyze the data. ResultsA significant relationship was found between the frequency of smoking, denture age, overnight denture wearing, denture stomatitis and denture cleaning (p<0.05). 54.10% of the participants reporting that they did not have information about denture care had poor denture cleaning. Among patients brushing once per day, 26.34% had a good level of denture cleaning; whereas, this was 39.40% for those brushing three times in a day. ConclusionThe type of advice (verbal or written) and oral hygiene habits demonstrated a more significant impact on the cleaning level of dentures than the socioeconomic level, smoking, overnight use, denture age. The success of denture maintenance might depend on the patients' knowledge of denture care and hygiene habits and geriatric patients' motivation.

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The presence of neopterin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a marker for local and acute immune activation, and the presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in GCF is accepted as a marker for chronic vascular inflammation.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate effects of periodontal treatment on GCF levels of neopterin and VCAM-1 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with systemically healthy CP patients.Material and methodsSixty subjects (20 CP patients with AMI, 20 healthy CP patients, and 20 healthy controls) were included. GCF samples were analyzed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, and the probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices were recorded. We determined neopterin and VCAM-1 levels (concentration and total amount) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences were seen between the AMI+CP and CP groups for PI, GI, GCF levels of neopterin and VCAM-1 at baseline.ResultsThe number of teeth with 5 mm≤CAL<7 mm and CAL≥7 mm were significantly increased in the AMI+CP group at baseline. There were no significant differences between the AMI+CP and CP for PI, CAL, GCF volumes, and the AMI+CP group had the highest clinical improvement in the number of teeth with 5 mm≤CAL<7 mm at the sixth month. There were significant positive correlations between clinical periodontal inflammation and the presence of neopterin and VCAM-1 in GCF prior to and following periodontal treatment, and between the GCF volume and clinical parameters.ConclusionsData suggest that the total amount and concentration of neopterin and VCAM-1 in GCF seemed to be closely associated with periodontal disease severity in CP patients with AMI. Moreover, the results of our study demonstrate that the past periodontal status is potentially correlated between groups, with similar periodontal disease severity.