Aiming at the potential security threat of personal information disclosure in smart homes, a two-factor authentication and key protocol scheme based on fingerprint feature was designed to ensure privacy and secure communication in a smart home environment. The scheme consisted of fingerprint authentication and a key protocol. Fingerprint features were extracted by fuzzy processor to ensure the stability of fingerprint features and effectively prevent the failure of fingerprint extraction caused by subtle changes. The key protocol was used to ensure the security of the communication process. Through performance comparison and security analysis, it was proved that the proposed scheme can meet the security requirements.