The article deals with modern social, transport and environmental problems of the largest city of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, which are identical for the largest cities in the world. Examples of leading countries in the active development of underground spaces are given. The data of the analysis of the current situation in the city of Almaty on the development of underground spaces of the city with the functional differentiation of real estate objects are presented. The balance of their localization by administrative districts of the city is given. The structure of the existing line of the Almaty metro and the possibilities of interrelation of its prospective development with the expansion of the functional diversity of the system of public spaces due to the active use and underground environment of the city are given.