How to benefit from open innovation (OI) sustainably is a real concern of enterprises. Therefore, the scholars' focus on OI research has gradually shifted to the implementation of OI. Based on the structural contingency theory, structural adaptation theory, and the investigation of 426 enterprises, this study tries to discuss the moderating effect of open culture (OC) and open organization (OO) in the process of inbound open innovation (IOI) and outbound open innovation (OOI) affecting enterprise growth (EG). The results show that both IOI and OOI are positively related to the EG, and their interaction item is also positively related to EG. Besides, OC and OO are positively associated with EG. What is more, both OC and OO can enhance the positive correlation between OOI and EG. However, the moderating effect of OC and OO between IOI and EG is not significant. Furthermore, compared with the IOI, the OOI may need the fitness of OC and OO, so that enterprises can benefit from the open innovation better and sustainably. This article develops the measurement scale of OC and OO in combination with the OI context, expands the research results of organizational culture and organizational structure in the OI context, enriches the research results in the fields of OI, OC, OO, and EG, and provides practical enlightenment on organizational construction for enterprises to benefit from open innovation.