This article notes that the prospect of one of the export-oriented industries in the Republic of Kazakhstan may be inbound tourism, since it was he who successfully developed in a crisis and provided support to other sectors of the economy. At present, the Kazakhstan tourism market is in the stage of active formation and formation. It is highlighted that the peculiarities of the formation of the international tourism market, its interdependence from other spheres of economic activity are not yet sufficiently studied and do not have certain well-established development trends. Indicators of the competitiveness of tourism in Kazakhstan in terms of indices of sustainable development of tourism, the dynamics of inbound tourist flow to Kazakhstan from CIS countries and other non-CIS countries for 2013-2017, indicators of the use of locations in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013-2017 are given. Proposals are made for the direction of effective development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan by assessing the impact of international tourism on the socio-economic system of Kazakhstan.

The problem of saving soil resources and their reclamation measures under current climate change conditions attracts the world community’s close attention. It is relevant in the Syr Darya River’s lowlands, where the secondary soil salinization processes have intensified. The demand for robust methods to assess soil salinity is high, and the primary purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative analysis method for soil salinity estimation. We found a correspondence between the sum of salts in a topsoil layer to the Landsat 8 data in the Tasseled cap transformation of the image values. After testing several methods, we built a prediction model. The K-nearest neighborhood (KNN) model with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.96 using selected predictors proved to be the most appropriate for soil salinity assessment. We also performed a quantitative assessment of soil salinity. A significant increase in a salt-affected area and the mean soil sum expressing an intensification of secondary soil salinization from 2018 to 2021 was found. The increasing temperature values, decreasing soil moisture, and agricultural use affect the extension of salt-affected ground areas in the study area. Thus, the soil moisture trend in the Qazaly irrigation zone is negative and declining, with the highest peaks in early spring. The maximum temperature has a mean value of 15.6 °C (minimum = −15.1 °C, maximum = 37.4 °C) with an increasing trend. These parameters are evidence of climate change that also affects soil salinization. PCA transformation of the Landsat-8 satellite images helped to remove redundant spectral information from multiband datasets and map soil salinity more precisely. This approach simultaneously extends mapping opportunities involving visible and invisible bands and results in a smaller dataset.

This article notes that the uncertainty of the consequences of the pandemic has shown the need for the development of domestic tourism, the creation of modern health resort and tourism services and improving the quality of tourism infrastructure by attracting investments for maintenance and provision of transport and the development of tourism products and services, the introduction of environmental protection measures. Using the given statistical data on the development of the tourism and hospitality industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors analyzed the influence of some factors influencing the development of the tourism industry. The indicators of the structure of the population's expenditures on paid services, the distribution of resident visitors by purpose of travel at places of accommodation for 2021, the number of visitors served at places of accommodation for tourists in general in Kazakhstan, the main indicators of financial and economic activities in the field of tourism for 2016-2021 are given, performance indicators of tourist infrastructure facilities for the analyzed period. Proposals are given for the transformation of the most significant tourist sites included in the Touristification Map of Kazakhstan into one tourist cluster with a unique dominant experimental structure with transfer to foreign tourism markets in the future.

В данной статье отмечается, что состояние туризма в Казахстане оказывает огромное влияние на развитие внешнеэкономических связей страны, на способы ее интеграции в мировое экономическое пространство и привлечения зарубежных инвесторов в национальную экономику. В связи с этим, авторы полагают, что туристские организации в условиях постпандемии должны в наибольшей мере осознать необходимость разработки новых продуктов и услуг, связанную с этим экономическую выгоду. Казахстан имеет все основания для инновационного развития не только внутреннего туризма, но и внешнего, благодаря огромному интересу туристов из дальнего и ближнего зарубежья как к новому неохваченному направлению.Приведены показатели динамики валовой добавленной стоимости туризма и ее доля в ВВП Казахстана за 2016-2020 годы, объем туристского потока в Республику Казахстан по въездному и выездному туризму, количество прибытий иностранных граждан в РК по целям поездок, основные показатели деятельности мест размещения в РК, экспорт и импорт внешнеэкономических услуг, инвестиции в туризме.Даны предложения по направления эффективного развития туризма в Республике Казахстан путем развития внутреннего туризма, создания конкурентоспособных курортно-оздоровительных и туристических услуг, совершенствования нормативно–правовой базы регулирования данной отрасли.Отмечаются основные направления инновационной деятельности в сфере туризма путем внедрения новых продуктов, таких как туристские маршруты, выпуск нового туристского и ресторанного продукта, предоставление новых гостиничных услуг, применение новой техники и технологий, использование новых туристских ресурсов, открытие новых направлений и новых рынков сбыта и др. This article notes that the state of tourism in Kazakhstan has a huge impact on the development of foreign economic relations of the country, on the ways of its integration into the global economic space and attracting foreign investors to the national economy. In this regard, the authors believe that tourism organizations in a post-pandemic should be most aware of the need to develop new products and services and the associated economic benefits. Kazakhstan has every reason for the innovative development of not only domestic tourism, but also external, thanks to the huge interest of tourists from far and near abroad as a new uncovered destination.Indicators of the dynamics of the gross value added of tourism and its share in the GDP of Kazakhstan for 2016-2020, the volume of tourist flow to the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of inbound and outbound tourism, the number of arrivals of foreign citizens in Kazakhstan by purpose of travel, the main indicators of the activities of accommodation in Kazakhstan, export and import of foreign economic services, investment in tourism.Proposals are given on the direction of effective development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan through the development of domestic tourism, the creation of competitive health resort and tourism services, improvement of the regulatory framework for the regulation of this industry.The main directions of innovation in the field of tourism are noted through the introduction of new products, such as tourist routes, the release of a new tourist and restaurant product, the provision of new hotel services, the use of new equipment and technologies, the use of new tourist resources, the opening of new directions and new sales markets, etc.