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First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Prof. Wen Changyun, for his guidance, advise and wisdom. He encourages me to think independently and concur the difficulties come across. To me, he is not only the academic advisor, but also a mentor in life and a sincere friend. His wisdom and attitude to science will guide me through my life. I also thank Assoc Prof. Cai Wenjian for providing the fully equipped laboratory and Assoc Prof Li Hua for particular guidance on fluid mechanics. I would like to express special thanks to Mr. Li Yi in Australia, for inspiring me about the topic of research. I would like to thank Nanyang Technological University(NTU) for providing high quality of research and learning atmosphere. I would like to thank my friends and colleagues in NTU. Especially, I would like to thank Zhu Yinhai, Li guoqi, Chen Jiawei, Guo Fanghong and Wei Zhe, who are also students to Prof Wen, and inspire me during my research. Importantly, I would like to thank Lin Chen, Zhao Lei, Chen Can, Ji Ke in Process and Instrumental Lab for their help on the use of lab equipments. I would also like to thank the friends who provide selfless help to me: Zhong Jingshan, Jiang Chaoyang, Xu Jinming and Guo Xianggui. I shared precious memories with my other labmates: Wang Mengmeng,