3D carbon superstructures are fabricated through the hierarchical assembly of polyimide nanosheets and thermal treatment. Benefiting from the ultrahigh surface area and the hierarchically porous structure, along with the well-distributed highly electroactive sites, the flower-like carbon material exhibits outstanding catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction and also serves as a highly stable electrode material in supercapacitors.

Purpose:Germ-line testing for panels of cancer genes using next-generation sequencing is becoming more common in clinical care. We report our experience as a clinical laboratory testing both well-established, high-risk cancer genes (e.g., BRCA1/2, MLH1, MSH2) as well as more recently identified cancer genes (e.g., PALB2, BRIP1), many of which have increased but less well-defined penetrance.Genet Med 18 8, 823–832.Methods:Clinical genetic testing was performed on over 10,000 consecutive cases referred for evaluation of germ-line cancer genes, and results were analyzed for frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, and were stratified by testing panel, gene, and clinical history.Genet Med 18 8, 823–832.Results:Overall, a molecular diagnosis was made in 9.0% of patients tested, with the highest yield in the Lynch syndrome/colorectal cancer panel. In patients with breast, ovarian, or colon/stomach cancer, positive yields were 9.7, 13.4, and 14.8%, respectively. Approximately half of the pathogenic variants identified in patients with breast or ovarian cancer were in genes other than BRCA1/2.Genet Med 18 8, 823–832.Conclusion:The high frequency of positive results in a wide range of cancer genes, including those of high penetrance and with clinical care guidelines, underscores both the genetic heterogeneity of hereditary cancer and the usefulness of multigene panels over genetic tests of one or two genes.Genet Med 18 8, 823–832.

The TAL1 (or SCL) gene, originally identified from its involvement by a recurrent chromosomal translocation, encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for erythropoiesis. Although presumed to regulate transcription, its target genes are largely unknown. We show here that a nuclear complex containing TAL1, its DNA-binding partner E47, zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1, LIM domain protein LMO2, and LIM domain-binding protein Ldb1 transactivates the protein 4.2 (P4.2) gene through two E box GATA elements in its proximal promoter. Binding of this complex to DNA was dependent on the integrity of both E box and GATA sites and was demonstrated to occur on the P4.2 promoter in cells. Maximal transcription in transiently transfected cells required both E box GATA elements and expression of all five components of the complex. This complex was shown, in addition, to be capable of linking in solution double-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to the two P4.2 E box GATA elements. This DNA-linking activity required Ldb1 and increased with dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In contrast, enforced expression in MEL cells of dimerization-defective mutant Ldb1, as well as wild-type Ldb1, significantly decreased E box GATA DNA-binding activities, P4.2 promoter activity, and accumulation of P4.2 and ␤-globin mRNAs. These studies define a physiologic target for a TAL1-and GATA-1-containing ternary complex and reveal a positive role for Ldb1 in erythroid gene expression and differentiation.Red blood cell production is controlled by the concerted actions of signal transducers and nuclear regulators. Genetargeting studies have demonstrated a requirement for several nuclear proteins in erythropoiesis, including the TAL1 (or SCL) and GATA-1 transcription factors and the LIM domain protein LMO2. These proteins, singly and in combination, bind to specific promoter and enhancer elements to regulate the expression of genes that execute the differentiation program.

Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that can simultaneously achieve high efficiency in doped and nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are rarely reported. Reported here is a strategy using a tri‐spiral donor for such versatile blue TADF emitters. Impressively, by simply extending the nonconjugated fragment and molecular length, aggregation‐caused emission quenching (ACQ) can be greatly alleviated to achieve as high as a 90 % horizontal orientation dipole ratio and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 33.3 % in doped and 20.0 % in nondoped sky‐blue TADF‐OLEDs. More fascinatingly, a high‐efficiency purely organic white OLED with an outstanding EQE of up to 22.8 % was also achieved by employing TspiroS‐TRZ as a blue emitter and an assistant host. This compound is the first blue TADF emitter that can simultaneously achieve high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency in doped, nondoped sky‐blue, and white TADF‐OLEDs.

No abstract