In the past few decades, high-speed trains have witnessed tremendous and vigorous development with the appearance of the oil crisis and industrialization, which became a significant trend in the transportation industry the world over. With the increase of high-speed railway mileage, the amount of high-speed train has grown sharply, the service life of the trains has increased gradually and the components of the vehicle traction system have become worn and aged as a result. Therefore, advanced maintenance technology and its application are key factors to reduce maintenance cost, human resource input and ensure safe, stable and reliable operation of trains. This paper summarizes and discusses the development, application mode, maintenance management and maintenance technology of high-speed railways of the major countries in the world, especially discusses the condition-based maintenance and the key technology of the traction electrical system, and offers the prospect of research direction and the development of traction maintenance technology.

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