Cut tobacco was thermodynamics analyzed as infinitesimal volume, and the equation of energy conservation was built. The process of the burn front moving forward for 1 second(s) could be thermodynamics analyzed and another energy equation was also built. Then, the two equations were combined to get the smoldering velocity, which would be added into the mass, momentum, energy equation which was used to describe the whole burning process. The mass, momentum, energy equation was solved by the CFX software, and the results showed that: 1) After a cigarette ignited, the combustion process was accelerated firstly, then the process became slow and at last be at steady state. 2) Paper diffusivity play a critical role in determining the temperature of the smoldering cone, and the results were in good agreement with the experiment results.

Cold-formed lipped channel sections may fail in local, distortional and overall buckling under compression. With the development of computer technology, finite element analyses of these sections play increasing important roles in engineering practice for economic design and time-saving purpose. A kind of typical cold-formed lipped channel beam-column with varying load eccentricity was analyzed in this paper by using the finite element program of ANSYS to observe the buckling modes and load carrying capacities of the columns. All the results can be the reference for further studies.