This paper is aimed at investigating the applicability of the notion of Sequent Occupance to the Singapore context. Sequent Occupance as a phenomenon in Human Geography was first theorized by Derwent Whittlesey in 1929 in order to describe the current cultural landscape of a region as a combination of all the people which have ‘sequentially’ occupied that region from the past to the present. According to the Sequence Occupance Theory, the cultural imprint of each civilization is never completely lost and its traces can be seen to the present day. This is a historical phenomenon that occurs in the same region or space, but at different times. Sequent Occupance regards each region as a pattern of many cultural layers laid upon each other, where each layer can be attributed to a particular civilization or culture, which overlaps the ones before it. Singapore, with its multilingual and multicultural context and with its colonial past, is a very important test-bed for Sequence Occupance approaches both in the fields of Historical Toponomastics and Human Geography. This paper aims to apply the notion of Sequence Occupance to the study of Singapore Toponomastics with a focus on Odonymy and Micro-Toponyms. The study discusses the notion of Sequent Occupance in Singapore in the light of several local Toponyms, trying to ascertain if this concept can be applied to the diachronic and synchronic development of the Urban Toponymy of the Lion City. The article also highlights historical processes in the “making” of the multi-layered Singapore society.

Courier services have grown in popularity due to the recent Covid-19 outbreak. We aim to examine how courier service quality dimensions such as tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy can affect customer satisfaction. We conducted an online survey with 159 participants from Malaysia and Kuwait. We found that reliability, responsiveness, and empathy are significantly related to customer satisfaction. Furthermore, we identified that empathy is the most significant factor influencing customer satisfaction. Our study contributes to the prior research on customer satisfaction by showing that service quality dimensions play an important role in influencing customer satisfaction.

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I would like to thank the Orang Seletar community for their kind welcome when I first visited them in 2019. I am grateful to my informants T, S, and L for taking the time to teach me their language and share their stories. I am also extremely grateful to my interpreter and point of contact, M, for giving me a chance to meet your extended family. Also to my two Seletar interpreters that I met in Singapore (virtually) during the pandemic, without your help, I would never have completed this work. I am glad that the borders are now open and we can all go home and visit our families regularly. Currently, the times are hard for the Orang Seletar with depleting catch due to climate change, and I sincerely hope the best for the entire Orang Seletar community.The research would not have been possible without the help of friends that I made along the way. First, I would like to thank my high school geography teacher turned friend Ms. Wen Yong for introducing me to the Seletar world and for introducing me to your colleague and friend, Ms. Wong Yun Yun of Nature Classroom. I am extremely indebted to the two of you for generously sharing your recordings with me when travelling and fieldwork became impossible during the pandemic. You have inspired me so much with your efforts in educating the younger generation of both the Orang Seletar and the mainstream communities. I am excited to learn more with you.Thank you to my supervisor, Alec Coupe, for your guidance, encouragement, pointers, suggestions, comments, emails, and time. I have learned so much from you over the years. And thank you for introducing me to the world of field linguistics. It has been a gratifying, at times terrifying, journey so far. I am also grateful to Dr. Geoffrey Benjamin, Dr. Vivienne Wee, Dr. Cynthia Chou for taking their time to share their knowledge and converse with me.To my postgrad friends: thank you for helping me stay sane and for constantly checking up on me. To my lapin, merci beaucoup.To my family, thank you for your constant love and support. I did not know that when I wrote "see you soon" in the acknowledgments of my BA thesis that "soon" would take exactly two years. I am extremely grateful to be reunited again. I will see you next week.