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BackgroundEvidence on the benefits of combining cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (COX-2) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. We investigated the efficacy and safety profile of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in treating NSCLC.MethodsThe first meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed to assess the effect of COX-2 inhibitors for patients with NSCLC on the overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), one-year survival, and toxicities. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate the pooled RR and HR and between-study heterogeneity was assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the type of COX-2 inhibitors, treatment pattern, and treatment line.ResultsNine randomized clinical trials, comprising 1679 patents with NSCLC, were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled ORR of patients who have NSCLC with COX-2 inhibitors was significantly higher than that without COX-2 inhibitors. In subgroup analysis, significantly increased ORR results were found on celecoxib (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.51), rofecoxib (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.28), chemotherapy (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.63), and first-line treatment (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.63). However, COX-2 inhibitors had no effect on the one-year survival, OS, and PFS. Increased RR of leucopenia (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45) and thrombocytopenia (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.76) suggested that COX-2 inhibitors increased hematologic toxicities (grade ≥ 3) of chemotherapyConclusionsCOX-2 inhibitors increased ORR of advanced NSCLC and had no impact on survival indices, but it may increase the risk of hematologic toxicities associated with chemotherapy.

BackgroundPrevious clinical studies reported inconsistent results on the associations of statins with the mortality and survival of lung cancer patients. This review and meta-analysis summarized the impact of statins on mortality and survival of lung cancer patients.Materials and methodsEligible papers of this meta-analysis were searched by using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane until July 2017. Primary end points were the mortality (all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality) and survival (progression-free survival and overall survival) of patients with statin use. Secondary end points were overall response rate and safety. The random-effects model was used to calculate pooled HRs and 95% CIs.ResultsSeventeen studies involving 98,445 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In observational studies, the pooled HR indicated that statins potentially decreased the cancer-specific mortality and promoted the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Statins showed an association with decreased all-cause mortality in cohort studies (HR =0.77, 95% CI: 0.59–0.99), but not in case-control studies (HR =0.75, 95% CI: 0.50–1.10). However, statin use showed no impact on mortality and overall survival in randomized controlled trials. Meanwhile, this meta-analysis indicated that statin use did not affect the progression-free survival of lung cancer patients in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. In addition, statins potentially enhanced the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (HR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.98) and chemotherapy (HR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.91) on the overall survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, but did not increase overall response rate and toxicity.ConclusionStatins were potentially associated with the decreasing risk of mortality and the improvement of overall survival in observational studies but not in randomized controlled trials.

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