A two-ring-based radio over fiber (RoF) transport system with a two-step fiber link failure detection and self-healing algorithm is proposed to ensure quality of service (QoS) by automatically monitoring the health of each fiber link in the transport system and by resourcefully detecting, locating, and bypassing the blocked fiber links. With the assistance of the fiber Bragg grating remote sensing technique, preinstalled optical switches, and novel single-line bidirectional optical add/drop multiplexers, the optical routing pathways in the RoF transport system can be dynamically adjusted by the proposed algorithm when some fiber links are broken. Simulation results show that except in some extreme situations, the proposed algorithm can find the blocked fiber links in the RoF transport system and animatedly adjust the status of preinstalled optical switches to restore all blocked network connections, thereby ensuring QoS in the proposed RoF transport system.