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In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, China witnessed gradual shrinkage of cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). In this study, we introduce the concept of economic resilience to analyse urban growth and shrinkage in the context of a rapidly-urbanising region. Multiple regression analysis is performed to explore the determinants of economic resilience in the PRD. By measuring resistance in the shrinking phase and recoverability in the growing phase in a group of cities in the PRD, this study distinguishes four scenarios and investigates their characteristics from a spatial perspective. The results demonstrate that the financial crisis had a severe and asymmetric influence on this area, indicating more than 15% of cities are faced with shrinking. The spatial distribution of economic resilience indicates a centre-periphery pattern, that is, high economic resilience in the inner ring and low economic resilience in the outer ring of the PRD. The service economy is found to play a significant role in promoting urban economic resilience. Results imply that sound economic policies for enhancing resilience: both poor local financial status and a high degree of export concentration adversely impact resistance, while upgrading the manufacturing economy and stimulating of industrial innovation are conducive to improve recoverability.

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The robust stability of discrete singular systems with time-varying delay is considered. New delay-dependent stability criteria are proposed, which are dependent on the minimum and maximum delay bounds. A strict delaydependent linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is obtained for a discrete singular time-varying system to be regular, causal and stable. The result on robust stabilization of uncertain discrete singular time-varying systems is also obtained and expressed in terms of LMIs. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.

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