To achieve superior performance of electrode materials, the design of rational and advantageous hierarchical structures has been confirmed as an effective and feasible approach.

Tantalum I 5200 C3N4 as a Precursor for the Synthesis of NbC, TaC and WC Nanoparticles. -Nanoparticles of NbC, TaC, and WC are prepared from mixtures of C 3 N 4 and Nb 2 O 5 , Ta2O5, and WO3, respectively (1150°C, 1 h). The samples are characterized by powder XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, and HRTEM. The metal oxides are completely converted into the corresponding carbides at 1150°C, which is significantly lower than the temperatures reported for the commercial preparation of the carbides, typically >1600°C. This novel route may provide new insights into the synthesis of other transition metal carbides. -(LI*, P. G.; LEI, M.; SUN, Z. B.; CAO, L. Z.; GUO, Y. F.; GUO, X.; TANG, W. H.; J.

The nitrations of substituted benzenes proceeded rapidly and cleanly with very good yields in Cu (N N] catalyst system, in which HNO 3 /Ac 2 O was used as the nitrating agent. For the nitration of chlorobenzene when 2 mol% catalyst was used at room temperature for 10 min, 87.6% and 90.6% of conversion of chlorobenzene were achieved, respectively and the para/ortho ratios of products were about 4.3-4.8. The catalyst systems with ionic liquid could be recovered easily and reused more than 5 times.

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