Telecommunications fraud is spreading rapidly in some areas of China, which caused huge losses to the people's property. This paper analyzed the weakness and psychological factors of the victims, and revealed the nature of telecom fraud, i.e., the criminal's skilled use of social engineering for fraud, harm, and other dangerous acts, so as to obtain their own interests. In order to better combat and prevent telecom fraud, countermeasures from all angles are given. The government and law enforcement need to put more effort in the anti telecom fraud campaign and propaganda work and education programs must promptly follow up. And ordinary people need to overcome their own weakness as timid, greedy, curiosity, blind trust, and develop safety awareness, enhance privacy protection.