Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a newlydeveloped automatic identification technology ，superior qualities of which would make it possible to substitute the bar code system in the future. Most importantly, it plays a very important role in the area of logistics. Based on an analysis of the current situation of grain logistics, this paper has studied the applications of RFID technology in each link of grain logistics management, and designed a RFID-based automatic identification system for modern grain logistics.

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RFID technology is considered as one of the most influential information technologies, since the transmission between reader and other equipments is completely opened through wireless channel, this has potential risks. This paper analyzes RFID system's hidden danger, designs an RFID authentication protocol based on shared key and proves its advantages compared with the other protocols. In order to reducing the calculation burden of tag and reader, this protocol gives full play to the role of RFID middleware and database ,and makes effort to achieve system's security ultimately.