No abstract

A NH4I/ tert-butyl hydroperoxide-promoted oxidation of tertiary N-aryl- N,N-dialkylamines in DMSO has been developed to access nitroaromatic compounds. This methodology involves sequential N-dealkylation reactions in one-pot and a radical pathway is proposed.

Using firm-level data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises between 1998 and 2007, we investigate the existence and channels of ?learning by outward FDI?. Difference-in-differences estimation reveals that productivity of Chinese parent firms is significantly improved by their outward foreign direct investment and the learning effects form a ?V? shape in the following years. There is no significant difference in learning effects between state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises; neither do we find any evidence that investing in countries with advanced technology gives more learning effects. In addition, we find that learning effects mainly come from technology transfer, technology spillovers and an enlarged production scale.

In the title compound, C14H13NO3, the dihedral angles between the central pyrrolidine ring and the pendant tetra­hydro­furan and phenyl rings are 5.34 (18) and 58.99 (17)°, respectively. The tetra­hydro­furan ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.008 Å). In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O inter­actions, generating a three-dimensional network.

Mild Gold-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenative Coupling of Amines and Phenylglyoxal Derivatives. -The procedure can be applied to various arylglyoxals and some amines to afford the desired substructures with good to excellent yield. The aliphatic glyoxal (IX) gives only a low yield and primary amines including aniline do not react. If the optically active pyrrolidine (XII) is used, additional dehydration takes place to form a product with unsaturated side chain. -(SHAO, Y.; WU, Z.; MIAO, C.; LIU*, L.; J. Organomet. Chem. 767 (2014) 60-64, http://dx.