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Soybean DCL2 favors long inverted repeat-derived double-stranded RNA as its substrate, and generates primary 22-nt siRNAs to regulate seed coat color and silence transposable elements.

Abscission is a dynamic physiological process that is ubiquitous in plants and can also be an essential agronomic trait in crops, thus attracting attention from plant growers and breeders. In general, the process of plant organ abscission can be divided into four steps, among which the step to obtain the competence to respond to abscission signals (step 2) is the most complex; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) inhibited the abscission of the tomato petiole in a dose-dependent manner, and the abscission of the petiole was accelerated when an H 2 S scavenger was applied. Further enzymatic activity and gene expression analyses showed that H 2 S suppressed the activity of enzymes capable of modifying the cell wall by inhibiting the usual upregulation of the transcription of the corresponding genes during the abscission process but not by affecting the activities of these enzymes by direct posttranslational modification. H 2 S treatment upregulated the expression levels of SlIAA3 and SlIAA4 but downregulated the transcription of ILR-L3 and ILR-L4 in the earlier stages of the abscission process, indicating that H 2 S probably functioned in the second step of the abscission process by preventing the abscission zone cells from obtaining the competence to respond to abscission signals by modulating the content of the bioactive-free auxin in these cells. Moreover, similar H 2 S inhibitory effects were also demonstrated in the process of floral organ abscission and anther dehiscence in other plant species, suggesting a ubiquitous role for H 2 S in cell separation processes.

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