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This volume compiles and updates information on invasive plant-parasitic nematodes and their looming threat in different countries. It offers a global perspective on invasive nematodes by presenting 17 chapters with information on more than 100 nematodes and their potential threat in different countries. Each nematode entry includes information on: authentic identification; geographical distribution; risk of introduction; host ranges; symptoms; biology and ecology; planting material liable to carry the nematode(s) and its vector, if any; chance of establishment; likely impact; phytosanitary measures; and a detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as sampling, isolation/detection and identification with morphological and molecular characterization. The aim of the book is to provide basic and advanced knowledge on invasive nematodes with a global perspective, and it targets practitioners, professionals, scientists, researchers, students and government officials working on plant quarantine and biosecurity with regard to plant-parasitic nematodes.

A family of continuous probability distribution has been characterized through the difference of two conditional expectations, conditioned on a non-adjacent record statistic. Also, a result based on the unconditional expectation and a conditional expectation is used to characterize a family of distributions. Further, some of its deductions are also discussed.

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