No Brasil, apesar de os professores serem considerados como agentes potenciais para a prevenção do uso de drogas, há mais de duas décadas os programas escolares de prevenção não têm alcançado os resultados esperados. Com o intuito de auxiliar a identificação da origem do problema, foram avaliadas as percepções/ atitudes de professores sobre o tema. Participaram da pesquisa vinte professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio da cidade de São Paulo, com os quais foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Embora esses profissionais se reconheçam como formadores de opinião, não se consideram suficientemente habilitados para tratar do tema com seus alunos, seja pela sua falta de informação, interesse ou habilidade para abordar o assunto. Quanto à informação sobre o tema, verificou-se haver uma baixa percepção sobre o risco associado às drogas lícitas. Perante estes resultados, sugere-se que os programas de prevenção destinados ao ambiente escolar sejam revistos e tenham a participação de profissionais especializados.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a challenge in Brazil. The country holds one of the highest rates of femicide in the world, most of which are preceded by IPV. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 34,334 women, aged 18 to 59 years, from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its subtypes among the Brazilian adult women in the last 12 months, encompassing their health consequences and the use of health services resulting from IPV. We also used logistic regression models to estimate the association of sociodemographic characteristics and self-perceived health status with IPV. The prevalence of IPV among Brazilian adult women in the last 12 months was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] [7.0, 8.2]). Women aged 18 to 39 years, not married, and with income of up to 1 minimum wage (MW), had higher odds of suffering IPV. Among those who reported health consequences due to IPV, 69% reported psychological consequences, and 13.9% sought health care, mostly in primary or secondary health care services in the Brazilian Unified Health System (41.9%). Regarding the self-perceived health variables, women who reported eating problems (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; [1.01, 1.65]), lack of interest/absence of pleasure (OR = 1.41; [1.11, 1.79]), depressive feelings (OR = 1.39; [1.03, 1.88]), feeling of failure (OR = 1.75; [1.36, 2.24]), and suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.73; [1.25, 2.41]) had greater odds of reporting IPV compared to those who did not report these same perceptions. The results show that younger, divorced or single, low-income women with eating problems and mental health disorders were more likely to suffer IPV. IPV often led to health problems, and many abused women sought support from public health services. Health professionals must be trained to identify and care for these women, thereby acting as allies in preventing and reducing IPV.
RESUMOO abuso de drogas anticolinérgicas na indução de estados mentais alterados, como alucinações e delírios, é amplamente conhecido. Entre essas, a triexifenidila (TEF) (Artane ® ) parece ser a mais abusada. No Brasil, seu consumo já foi observado entre pacientes psicóticos, estudantes de 1 o e 2 o graus da rede pública, meninos de rua e usuários de crack. Diante da carência de relatos brasileiros que retratassem o consumo inadequado da triexifenidila, esse estudo foi conduzido para caracterizar a população usuária e as razões subjacentes ao seu abuso. Utilizando-se de metodologia qualitativa e amostra intencional selecionada por critérios (21 usuários e 16 ex-usuários), observou-se a predominância de homens solteiros, poliusuários e sem vínculos empregatícios, que relataram o abuso da droga na obtenção, principalmente, de alucinações e delírios. A TEF, consumida em associação a álcool, outras drogas lícitas (BZD) e ilícitas, interfere nas funções cognitivas, como memória, atenção e aprendizado, prejudicando os usuários no desempenho de muitas de suas atividades cotidianas. Por ser relatada como medicamento de fácil acesso, baixo custo e com efeitos drásticos na vida do usuário, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de medidas mais efetivas em sua liberação, além da necessidade de adoção de medidas preventivas para que seu abuso seja evitado. Unitermos: Triexifenidila; Artane ® ; Pesquisa qualitativa; Alucinógenos; Anticolinérgicos. ABSTRACT Trihexyphenidyl: characterization of its abusive consumption by a group of users in the city of São PauloThe abuse of anticholinergic drugs to induce mental alterations as hallucinations and delirium is widely known. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane ® ), among these drugs, seems to be the most abused. In Brazil, its use has been already observed among psychotic patients, first and second grade students, street children and crack-cocaine addicts. Faced to the lack of Brazilian reports describing such inadequate use of trihexyphenidyl, this study was conducted to characterize recreacional use as well as reasons that justify the misuse. Adopting qualitative methodology and a Purposeful Sampling achieved by a Criterion Sampling (21 users and 16 ex-users), it was observed predominance of single poliusers men, without employment bonds, who abused of trihexyphenidyl in the attainment of mental alterations, mainly hallucinations and deliriums. Trihexyphenidyl is consumed in association with alcohol, other licit drugs (BDZ) and illicit drugs, impairing cognitive functions as memory, attention and learning, intervening with some activities of users' daily life. Reported as an easy access medicine, with low-cost and resulting in drastic effects in the life of the user, these results pointed to the necessity of more effective measures in its release, beyond the necessity of adoption of prevention measures to avoid its abuse.
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