The development of self-powered vibration sensors using polymeric piezoelectric nanomaterials has attracted great attention owing to their outstanding flexibility and energy harvesting behaviours. In this study, ultra-long poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibres with optimised β-phase content were synthesised through electrospinning method with different DC voltages. The increase in the β-phase content of the PVDF nanofibres greatly enhanced their piezoelectric response with nearly tripled output voltage and current under the same strain condition. Moreover, the output voltage exhibited linear correlations with both the amplitude and frequency of the strain. Under a fixed frequency of 1.54 Hz, the output voltage exhibited a linear correlation to the strain amplitude with strain sensitivity up to 0.92 V rad −1 and 0.61 V mm −1 . The frequency-dependent strain sensing behaviour also confirmed the necessity for frequency calibration to the measured results of vibration. Accordingly, the sensor can be used for selfpowered monitoring of the vibration state of a metal foil and measuring the intrinsic resonance frequency of the objects without any powering source.

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