In order to estimate the power system accurately and identify anomaly detection in real time, an identification method of anomaly detection in power system state estimation based on Fuzzy C-means algorithm is proposed. Considering the problems of scale and redundancy of power system measurement data, effective measurement data of the power system is extracted by the principal component analysis method. On this basis, the power system state estimation model established by particle swarm optimization support vector machines is used to judge the operational state of the power system. An anomaly detection identification method based on fuzzy C-means algorithm is proposed to cluster the measured data and identify the anomaly detection of power system. The experimental results show that this method can accurately estimate the state of the power system and has the highest identification accuracy for anomaly detection compared with similar methods. When the equivalent measurement data is affected by noise, the identification delay of this method for anomaly detection in a power system is 1 s, and the real-time performance is high.