Background: At this stage, Chinese research on physical activity literacy is still in its infancy, and the domestic primary school students' physical activity literacy assessment questionnaire is also in a state of development. In this study, a set of questionnaire scales for measuring the physical activity literacy of primary school students was compiled according to the characteristics of primary school students in different school stages, and the population measurement was carried out by using this scale, and then the accuracy of the scale and the fit according to the Rasch model were judged. Methods: We compiled a set of scales for measuring the physical activity literacy of primary school students, and directly distributed the questionnaires to primary school students in four regions of Hebei Province, Sichuan Province, Shenzhen City and Qinghai Province for actual measurement. We also used Rasch analysis to study the single-dimensionality, reliability, resolution and fitting degree of the questionnaire to judge the accuracy of the scale, aiming to provide a strong reference for the subsequent revision and wide application of the questionnaire. Results: The item reliability coefficient of all questionnaires was 1, and the item separation degree was 16.08, 16.71 and 18.18, respectively, all of which were greater than 3, indicating that the internal consistency of the questionnaire was better and the students with different ability levels could be better distinguished. The one-dimensional hypothesis of the three questionnaires holds. The project-person figure shows that the difficulty of the questionnaire items can be well matched with the subject's ability level. The average values of Infit MNSQ and Outfit MNSQ in the questionnaire were between 0.5-1.5, and the overall fit was good, and the data were in good agreement with the ideal model. In the fitting statistics of a single entry, it was found that the three grade levels generally showed poor fitting on the questions of whether they should continue to exercise after injury, whether it was appropriate to be sedentary and inactive, whether weather with severe air pollution was suitable for outdoor sports, and motivation for sports tests and motivation to like challenges. In subsequent modifications, we will delete and improve these questions or modify the statements of these questions to appropriately increase the difficulty of the questions. Conclusion: The one-dimensional test passed, reliable and internally consistent of the questionnaire was high, the difficulty of the item and the matching degree of population ability were high, and the questionnaire fit the model well. The questionnaire as a whole can form a questionnaire on sports health literacy of primary school students with good reliability and validity.