Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype and is associated with high recurrence rates, high incidence of distant metastases, and poor overall survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway as one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer. We aimed to explore the impact of PI3K and mTOR oncogenes as well as the PTEN tumor suppressor on TNBC clinical behavior, prognosis, and multidrug resistance (MDR), using immunohistochemistry and copy number analysis by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results revealed that loss of PTEN and high expression of PI3K and mTOR proteins are associated with poor outcome of TNBC patients. PTEN deletions appeared as a major cause of reduced or absent PTEN expression in TNBC. Importantly, homozygous deletions of PTEN (and not hemizygous deletions) are a potential molecular marker of metastasis formation and good predictors of TNBC outcome. In conclusion, we believe that concurrent examination of PTEN/PI3K/mTOR protein expression may be more useful in predicting TNBC clinical course than the analysis of single protein expression. Specifically, our results showed that PTEN-reduced/PI3K-high/mTOR-high expression constitutes a ‘high risk’ profile of TNBC.

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In addition to a family burden for BEN, other risk factors for CKD were highly prevalent in BEN villages of the Bijeljina municipality. The frequency of proteinuria was higher in the at-risk group than in the group without risk factors and increased with the number of risk factors.

Uvod. Cilj rada je da se ispita učestalost ranih i kasnih postoperativnih komplikacijaarteriovenske fistule (AVF) i utvrde faktori povezani sa gubitkomprohodnosti AVF.Metode. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 250 bolesnika kojima je kreirana nativnapodlaktična AVF za hemodijalizu, a potom su praćeni najmanje šest mjeseci.Bolesnici su podijeljeni u dvije grupe: grupa 1, 50 bolesnika (30 muškaraca,65,9 ± 11,9 godina) kod koje je došlo do gubitka prohodnosti AVF poslije31,8 ± 38,8 mjeseci; grupa 2, 200 bolesnika (106 muškaraca, 67,6 ± 9,5 godina)sa funkcionalnom AVF praćena 57,5 ± 40,1 mjeseci. Bolesnicima su poredkliničkog stanja, funkcionalnosti AVF, redovno kontrolisani biohemijskiparametri preporučeni za bolesnike na hemodijalizi.Rezultati. U prvoj grupi bio je značajno veći procenat bolesnika sa dijabetesom(42% vs. 12%), hipotenzijom (42% vs. 2%) i anemijom (100% vs. 83,5%)u odnosu na drugu grupu, dok nije bilo razlike u demografskim, kliničkim ilaboratorijskim parametrima. Bolesnici prve grupe imali su značajno manjidijametar vene (2,4 ± 0,25 mm vs. 2,7 ± 0,31 mm; p = 0,0001), češće zadebljanzid vene (32% vs. 8%), kao i lošiji kvalitet arterije korišćene za AVF uodnosu na bolesnike druge grupe. Vrijeme od operacije AVF do njene eksploatacijebilo je značajno kraće kod bolesnika sa okluzijom AVF (28.9 ±6.6 dana vs. 95,0 ± 152,6 dana; p = 0,0025). Broj intraoperativnih, kao i ranihi kasnih postoperativnih komplikacija bio je značajno veći u prvoj negou drugoj grupi. Multivarijantna logistička regresiona analiza je izdvojila kaonezavisne faktore povezane sa gubitkom prohodnosti AVF hipotenziju, korišćenjeAVF za hemodijalizu poslije manje od 45 dana od kreiranja, broj intraoperativnihkomplikacija, dijabetes, anemiju, prethodnu kanulaciju venekorišćene za AVF, kvalitet arterije i vene i broj postoperativnih komplikacija.Zaključak. Bolesnici sa gubitkom prohodnosti AVF imali su značajno većibroj intraoperativnih i postoperativnih komplikacija. Gubitak prohodnostiAVF povezan je sa nizom promjenljivih faktora rizika čije prepoznavanje ieliminisanje može da poboljša funkcionisanja AVF i produži vrijeme njeneeksploatacije.

AimThe aim of this study was to show the importance of mental disorders in victimologic analysis in the sexual violence in B&H in the post-war period from January 1st 1999. to December 31st 2009.MethodMental disorders in victimization was tested on a sample of 175 non-violent female victims with mental disorders. The control group consists of 175 victims of violent victimization.ResultsIn a regressive analysis, violent persons were separated from the non-violent ones by these redicting predictive factors: age (R = 0.731, df = 3, x2 =3 .341, P = 0.007 OR = 0.520 (95%), CI = 0.820–0.950), father's education, house, mother's prostitution, sexual abuse and desire for victimization. Members of the control group had more often lived as lodgers (R = 0.015, x2 = 4.431, P = 0.005, OR = 0.203, Cl = 0.390–0.492), with alcohol abuse and high rate of the family violence, nicotinism and sexual abuse. Psychological predictive factors in dividing non-violent from violent victims are: psychoticism (R = 0.791, x2 = 4.783 df = 1, P < 0.001, OR = 0.749, (95%) Cl = 0.368–0,936), HDRS - total: (R = 1.174, x2 = 10.341, df = 1, P < 0.001, OR = 0.770 (95%) CI = 0.650–0.910), incorporation of P = 0.001 in Plutchi's test. Conclusion: Sexual violence among mentally disordered persons makes 20.50% of all victimizations which were committed by patients with personality disorders and neurotic persons. It has been demonstrated that females in B&H were more exposed to sexual violence because of poor mental health protection and increased violence in the family. Transgenerational model of the stress transmission, victimization in microsocial model of violence.