Electron beam irradiation of >1 kGy damaged the cytoplasmic membrane, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) penetrated the cells. Electron beam irradiation of >4 kGy reduces the combined toxicity of virulent proteins produced by
Staphylococcus aureus
. Electron beam irradiation of >4 kGy can be used to inactivate
Staphylococcus aureus
and biofilms on milk.
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