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Subject. This article examines the role of enterprises of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in the digitalization of the Russian economy and the transition to industry 4.0. Objectives. The article aims to develop tools to help reorient the structure of the Russian industry to create high-tech products with high added value that are in demand both in local and foreign markets. Methods. For the study, we used deterministic and factor analyses. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the trends in the turnover and production index of three high-tech industries for 2015–2020, as well as an assessment of the main indicators of the high-tech complex of Russia, the article determines the main trends in its development. Conclusions. The development of the high-tech sector of the economy will help reduce Russia's dependence on raw materials production. It is necessary to expand the resource base through the introduction of innovative materials. It is necessary to develop existing and search for new markets for products.