Objective: The study's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pap smear screening procedure for identifying precancerous lesions. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Department of Pathology, Nishtar Medical University Multan, From 1st October, 2021 to 31 March, 2022. Methods: There were 162 females had age 18-50 years were presented in this study. All of the women were given a complete physical examination, including a speculum exam and a vaginal exam, and their medical histories were recorded. Women's cervical cancer screenings often involved a Pap smear. Using an Ayre spatula, a smear was collected and spread over a labelled glass slide before being stored in 95% ethyl alcohol and delivered to the Pathology Department for cytopathological testing. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 162 females, 45 (27.8%) had age 18-30 years, 73 (45.1%) were aged between 31-40 years and 44 (27.2%) patients had 41-50 years. Mean BMI of the females was 22.4 ±6.52 kg/m2. Frequency of smokers was 4 (2.5%). Most common complaint was vaginal discharge, followed by irregular menstrual cycle and abdominal pain. We found that 63 (32.7%) cases had no pathology, frequency of inflammatory was 49 (30.2%) cases, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASUS) was 28 (17.3%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) was 8 (4.9%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) was 5 (3.1%). As per HPV, low risk and high risk virus was found in 11 (6.8%) cases. Conclusion: The Pap smear is an easy, quick, and inexpensive way to check for cervical epithelial precancerous abnormalities. It has the potential to be employed as a routine screening tool, leading to better treatment outcomes and lower death rates. Increased detection of these lesions is facilitated by the Pap test and the HPV-PCR test. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Pap smear Test, HPV, Pathology

Objective: To determine the association of hyperuricemia with adverse pregnancy outcomes in terms of low birth weight at term pregnancy registered at CMH Lahore. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CMH, Lahore Pakistan, from Aug 2018 to Feb 2019. Methodology: A total of 60 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy were included in the study. Patients with serum uric acid levels greater or equal to 360 umol/L were included in Group-A or the at-risk Group, and Patients with serum uric acid levels less than 360 umol/L were included in Group-B or the control Group. All women were followed till the delivery. Data regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight) was noted. Results: Mean Serum uric acid levels of 380.33±12.92 umol/L in the Exposed Group and mean Serum uric acid levels of 265.66±29.44 umol/L in the Control Group were noted. Low birth weight was seen 12 (40%) in Exposed Group as compared to 7(23.3%) in Unexposed Group (p=0.165) (RR=1.71). Conclusion: Low birth weight at term was not associated with hyperuricemic pregnancy more than normouricemic pregnancy in our study, probably due to the small sample size.

Background. A father and adolescent relationship is one of the most significant andinfluential relationships in an adolescent’s life. Father’s absence due to migration and itsresulting consequences have been little addressed In the academic arena of south Asiancontext specially in Pakistan . This study was designed to examine whether the adolescent’sperception of migrant father attachment is associated with externalizing-internalizing problemsand further investigated mediating and moderating process underlying this effect.Method. A cross sectional study was conducted in which 400 left-behind adolescents, aged 13to 18, girls (n= 174) boys, (n= 226) were recruited from different schools and colleges of twodistricts, Rawalpindi and Poonch Azad Kashmir. Data was completed through self-reportmeasures.Result. Results of the study revealed that migrant-father attachment, family functioning andmother nurturance are negatively linked to externalizing-internalizing problems. Moreover,family functioning significantly mediated the relationship between migrant-father attachmentand externalizing-internalizing problems. In addition, the results revealed that mothernurturance significantly moderated the conditional indirect effects of father attachment onexternalizing-internalizing problem through family functioning among left-behind adolescents.Moreover, significant mean differences were found between age and family system onexternalizing-internalizing problems.Conclusion. The study findings highlight the importance of attachment between migrantfathers and adolescents to enhance their family functioning and consequently to decrease theirexternalizing-internalizing problems in the absence of their father.