Key messageAzimuthal sides of the canopy affected neither needle morphology nor vascular anatomy. However, a significant effect was found to be associated to canopy height. The needle morphological and anatomical parameters of vascular tissues were scaled up to the forest stand level.

ABSTRACT:In summit parts of the Orlické hory Mts., massive dieback of forests occurred during an air pollution/ ecological disaster in the 70s to the 80s of the 20 th century. Destroyed stands were cut down and deforested areas were planted by more resistant species including mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra). The aim of the paper was to assess effects of mountain pine on the prosperity of other tree species. Four localities with mountain pine stands were selected at altitudes from 1,000 to 1,115 m. In 2003-2005, growth analyses of shrubs were carried out there and basic parameters of stands were determined such as: height; cover of mountain pine, other tree species and herbs; radiation transmittance and temperature gradients. Results show the importance of the height of mountain pine stands in mitigating climatic changes in the ground layer of air, identification of the light compensation point for the mountain pine prosperity, the dependence of a growth type on outer and inner conditions of mountain pine including partly its age. Under given conditions, the present stands of mountain pine on top parts of the Orlické hory Mts. show their justification because they create a good protection for young seedlings, self-seeding and newly planted tree species. If forest spreads there, the markedly heliophilous mountain pine will recede similarly as in case of more than hundred-year-old mountain pine in the Sowie gory Mts. in Poland.

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Abstract:The dwarf pine stands on unoriginal sites in mountainous areas of the Czech Republic are a current topic of scientific discussion. One of these sites is on the summits of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. Various proposals for dwarf pine removal have been hindered by the absence of charts or tables that could be used to calculate how much biomass would need to be removed. Therefore, we created a methodology for dwarf pine biomass determination and applied it to five research transects of different ages. Based on the biomass estimates, we created trend curves illustrating the increase in biomass (dependent on age) as well as equations that could be used to roughly estimate the biomass of any dwarf pine stand, regardless of age or canopy level, for sites above the timberline in Hrubý Jeseník Mts. The equations for biomass calculations could also be applied to other mountain ranges where artificially planted dwarf pines of the same seed origin or the same morphological appearance as those existing in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. are found.Additional key words: dwarf pine, aboveground biomass, issue of indigeneity (originality problem), removal Address: Z. Špinlerová, Mendel University in Brno,

Monografie je výsledkem projektu "Významné stromy -živé symboly národní a kulturní identity" č. DG 18P020VV027, financovaného Ministerstvem kultury ČR v Programu na podporu aplikovaného výzkumu a experimentálního vývoje národní a kulturní identity na léta 2016 až 2022 (NAKI II).