Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in early rehabilitation of patients with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: 37 patients (25 men and 12 women) aged 45 to 70 years with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery were included in the study. Eighteen patients underwent NMES daily since postoperative day 3 until discharge in addition to standard rehabilitation program (NMES group), and 19 patients underwent standard rehabilitation program only (non-NMES group). The primary outcome was the knee extensors strength at discharge in NMES group and in control. Secondary outcomes were the handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris in groups at discharge. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between the groups. Knee extensors strength at discharge was significantly higher in the NMES group (28.1 [23.8; 36.2] kg on the right and 27.45 [22.3; 33.1] kg on the left) than in the non-NMES group (22.3 [20.1; 27.1] and 22.5 [20.1; 25.9] kg, respectively; P < .001). Handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, quadriceps CSA, and 6 minute walk distance at discharge in the groups had no significant difference. Conclusions: This pilot study shows a beneficial effect of NMES on muscle strength in patients with complications after cardiovascular surgery. The use of NMES showed no effect on strength of non-stimulated muscle, quadriceps CSA, and distance of 6-minute walk test at discharge. Further blind randomized controlled trials should be performed with emphasis on the effectiveness of NEMS in increasing muscle strength and structure in these patients.
исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний". Кемерово; 2 ГБУЗ "Кемеровский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер имени академика Л. С. Барбараша". Кемерово; 3 ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава России". Москва, Россия Цель. Оценить частоту развития неблагоприятных госпитальных исходов (фатальных и нефатальных осложнений) коронарного шун тирования (КШ) в зависимости от возраста пациента и наличия коморбидной патологии. Материал и методы. В базе данных регистра КШ ФГБНУ НИИ КПССЗ проведен анализ выявления коморбидной патологии и оце нены госпитальные исходы у 680 пациентов, госпитализированных для выполнения КШ в период 20112012гг (одноцентровое, реги стровое, проспективное исследование). В качестве рассматривае мой "комбинированной конечной точки" (ККТ) оценивали наличие инфаркта миокарда, синдрома полиорганной недостаточности, сердечной недостаточности, фибрилляции председий, вновь воз никшей после КШ, ремедиастинотомии (одного или более перечи сленных осложнений) и/или смертельных исходов. Результаты. Пациенты, направляемые на КШ, характеризуются высоким фоном коморбидности по сердечнососудистым заболе ваниям. Летальный госпитальный исход при выполнении КШ заре гистрирован у 2,10% пациентов, ККТ развилась у 152 (22,40%) больных. Наибольшее число ККТ зарегистрировано в группе паци ентов при сочетании КШ с другими хирургическими вмешатель ствами, по сравнению с пациентами с изолированным КШ. Возраст больных ассоциирован с развитием ККТ в раннем послеоперацион ном периоде. Заключение. Факторами, определяющими вероятность развития неблагоприятных госпитальных исходов при выполнении КШ, явля ются возраст пациентов ≥61 год, факт выполнения сочетанных хирургических вмешательств, а также использование при выполне нии КШ искусственного кровообращения. Ключевые слова: коморбидная патология, коронарное шунтиро вание, неблагоприятные госпитальные исходы. Конфликт интересов: не заявлен. Финансирование. Работа выполнена при поддержке комплексной программы фундаментальных научных исследований СО РАН.
Background The prospective, multicentre EURECA registry assessed the use of imaging and adoption of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines (GL) in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Methods Between May 2019 and March 2020, 5156 patients were recruited in 73 centres from 24 ESC member countries. The adoption of GL recommendations was evaluated according to clinical presentation and pre-test probability (PTP) of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Results The mean age of the population was 64 ± 11 years, 60% of patients were males, 42% had PTP >15%, 27% had previous CAD, and ejection fraction was <50% in 5%. Exercise ECG was performed in 32% of patients, stress imaging as the first choice in 40%, and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in 22%. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was the first or downstream test in 17% and 11%, respectively. Obstructive CAD was documented in 24% of patients, inducible ischaemia in 19%, and 13% of patients underwent revascularization. In 44% of patients, the overall diagnostic process did not adopt the GL. In these patients, referral to stress imaging (21% vs. 58%; P < 0.001) or CTCA (17% vs. 30%; P < 0.001) was less frequent, while exercise ECG (43% vs. 22%; P < 0.001) and ICA (48% vs. 15%; P < 0.001) were more frequently performed. The adoption of GL was associated with fewer ICA, higher proportion of diagnosis of obstructive CAD (60% vs. 39%, P < 0.001) and revascularization (54% vs. 37%, P < 0.001), higher quality of life, fewer additional testing, and longer times to late revascularization. Conclusions In patients with CCS, current clinical practice does not adopt GL recommendations on the use of diagnostic tests in a significant proportion of patients. When the diagnostic approach adopts GL recommendations, invasive procedures are less frequently used and the diagnostic yield and therapeutic utility are superior.
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