The possibilities of the broadband tympanometry in audiological screening at newborns and at premature newborns with the different term of a gestation are studied. In view of the presence of age restrictions to application of the classical tympanometry at a frequency of probing tone of 226 Hz at children of the first year of life application of the broadband tympanometry is reasonable. Registration of the broadband tympanometry within audiological screening of newborns and children of the first year of life and also at premature newborns with different age of a gestation increases efficiency of diagnostics and allows to reduce amount of false positive results.

Objectives to develop a safe and effective way of qualifying children for a second device cochlear implantation. Material and methods. There were 50 children from two to twelve years old after unilateral cochlear implantation under our observation. During qualification, the following criteria were taken into account: audiometry results, use of the hearing aid in the non-implanted ear and benefit of the device, speech and hearing development after the first cochlear implantation. Results. According to our findings the second cochlear implantation was recommended for 12 (24%) patients; in 16 (32%) cases the second cochlear implantation was refused; in 22 (44%) cases it was recommended to postpone implantation of the second device. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that the safe and effective way of qualifying for a second cochlear implant can restore binaural hearing that is crucial for the child's speech and hearing development and enhance integration into a world of peers.

This article presents current data on the technological capabilities of Nurotron cochlear implantation systems for the rehabilitation of patients from various age groups with a high degree of sensorineural hearing loss and deafness. A comparative description of the main models of speech processors from various manufacturers is given, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of the Nurotron cochlear implantation system. This experience of using the Nurotron cochlear implantation system can be used in the practice of otorhinolaryngologists and otorhinolaryngologists in the Russian Federation and abroad.

Во всем мире растет численность лиц с нарушением слуха различной степени выраженности, одновременно с этим увеличивается и число пользователей техническими средствами реабилитации слуха (слуховыми аппаратами, кохлеарными имплантами, аппаратами костной проводимости и др.). В большинстве случаев данная категория пациентов нуждается в длительной слухоречевой реабилитации с соблюдением сроков ее проведения, оценкой качества и эффективности. В настоящее время в России не осуществляется контроль кратности обращений пациентов с КИ, оценка эффективности комплексной реабилитации, при этом затраты государства на осуществление первичной специализированной медицинской помощи, втом числе высокотехнологичной (кохлеарная имплантация), достаточно велики, а эффективность проводимых мероприятий в среднем, по предварительной оценке, по стране не превышает 50-60%. С целью сокращения сроков диагностики нарушений слуха, преимущественно вдетской практике, обеспечения доступности хирургических вмешательств на органе слуха и своевременности их проведения гражданам Российской Федерации, а также повышения эффективности реабилитационных мероприятий предлагается к внедрению на законодательном уровне реестр лиц с нарушением слуха высокой степени и глухотой. Данный реестр позволит решить эпидемиологические проблемы развития патологии слуха, внедрить мероприятия по предупреждению и профилактике патологии слуха в зависимости от причин, сократить сроки проведения диагностики, обеспечить доступность специализированной медицинской, в том числе высокотехнологичной, помощи, обеспечить соблюдение этапов слухоречевой реабилитации, контроль эффективности проводимых мероприятий и социальной адаптации лиц с нарушением слуха. The number of people with hearing impairment of various severity is growing all over the world. At the same time, the number of users of hearing rehabilitation equipment (hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone conduction devices, etc.) is also growing. In most cases, this category of patients needs long-term auditory-speech rehabilitation with compliance with the terms of its implementation, assessment of its quality and effectiveness. Currently, the frequency and effectiveness of complex auditory-speech rehabilitation in Russia is not controlled, while the state costs for implementation of primary specialized medical care, including high-tech one (cochlear implantation) are quite high, and the effectiveness of measures carried out on average, according to preliminary estimates, does not exceed 50-60% in the country. In order to reduce the time of diagnostics of hearing disorders, especially in pediatric practice, to ensure the availability of surgical interventions on the hearing organ and the timeliness of their implementation in citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as to improve the process of auditory-speech rehabilitation, control of its terms on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is proposed to introduce at the legislative level the register of persons with high degree of hearing impairment and deafness in the Russian Federation, which will solve epidemiological problems of the development of hearing pathology, as well as the measures to prevent pathology depending on the reasons, to reduce the time of diagnostics of hearing pathology, to ensure the availability of various types of specialized medical care, including high- tech one, as well as to ensure compliance with the frequency of auditory-speech rehabilitation, monitoring its effectiveness, and social adaptation of persons with hearing impairment.

No abstract