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The Rostov-Kostroma lowland is a depression stretched between the end-moraine ridges of the Moscovian (MIS 6) glaciation crossed by the Upper Volga River. According to the theory accepted since the 1970s, in the Last Glacial epoch (MIS 2) this lowland was occupied by a glacially dammed lake that drained about 15 000 years ago, allowing the modern river system of the Upper Volga to appear. In this study, we test this concept using a synthesis of previously published data and new data on geomorphology, structure and age of the Late Quaternary deposits. The results obtained show that the last large lakes existed in this area during deglaciation at the end of MIS 6. By the beginning of the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e), these lakes were drained, and the present-day Volga valley already existed. Small lakes remained in the deepest glaciodepressions, with few of them surviving until today. These lakes show no signs of depth or area increase in MIS 2. Lacustrine deposits of MIS 2 have not been found elsewhere. Therefore, no evidence of a single large lake in the Rostov-Kostroma lowland in MIS 2 was found. The total area of the lakes did not differ much from that of modern times.

Abstract. We present the new results concerning the chronology, distribution and dynamic of the proglacial LGM lakes in the valleys of the Severnaya Dvina and its largest tributaries Vaga and Sukhona. Our results refute the hypotheses of the extensive distribution of proglacial lakes and their flow to the south during the LGM. The lakes were local, with an unstable hydrodynamic regime and extended to a distance of 100-170 km from the ice sheet boundary.

Abstract. In this study we aimed to find a Tver proglacial lake in the Upper Volga low land at the Late Valdai that it have been reconstructed by D.D. Kvasov. Our field studies did not verify previously reconstructed lake terraces at 135 140 and 120 125 m a.s.l., though at 140 m a.s.l. we found the Volga River terrace near Seslavie (Tver region, Russia). According to OSL data from this terrace, the Volga River has existed in the Upper Volga lowland ever since the LGM.