In this study, the use of immunoadjuvants polyoxidonium (azoximer bromide), Poly (I:C) as a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (TLR3 ligand), and synthetic analog of leu-enkephalin dalargin (DA) was experimentally investigated for their potential to minimize ImD50 Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV line NIIEG co-administrated via invasive (subcutaneous) and noninvasive (intranasal) routes in lethal bubonic and pneumonic models of plague followed by challenge with virulent Y. pestis strains of the main and non-main subspecies from various natural plague foci. The data showed that in all cases immunoadjuvants significantly increased protective efficacy of Y. pestis vaccine strain EV line NIIEG co-administrated to BALB/c inbreed mice in case of lethal challenge with virulent Y. pestis strains in spite of varying magnitude of humoral immune response. Y. pestis vaccine strain EV line NIIEG formulated with polyoxidonium provided more effective protection against lethal challenge with wild-type high virulent strain Y. pestis in pneumonic model of plague. Polyoxidonium introduced into vaccine formula resulted in four-fold rise in total survival in animals with pneumonic plaque. Feasibility of using immunoadjuvants for regimen of specific and urgent plaque prevention is justified.
применяемая для специфической профилакти-ки чумы в россии живая вакцина (жчв), представ-ляющая собой лиофилизированную живую культуру вакцинного штамма чумного микроба Yersinia pestis EV линии нииэг, вызывает развитие иммунитета у вакцинированных длительностью до 1 года [2]. одним из способов воздействия на механизмы про-лонгации напряженного иммунитета при чуме явля-ется использование иммуномодуляторов.препарат азоксимера бромид (полиоксидоний), относящийся к высокомолекулярным химически чистым иммуномодуляторам, получаемый с по-мощью направленного химического синтеза, пред-ставляет собой N-оксидированное производное по- цель работы. определение характера и динамики морфофункциональных изменений в органах периферической иммунной системы мышей линии BALB/с при иммунизации вакцинным штаммом Yersinia pestis EV нииэг на фоне иммуномодуляции. материалы и методы. с помощью комплекса гистологических, гистохимических, иммуногистохимических методов, с применением морфометриче-ского анализа охарактеризована направленность иммунологических процессов в периферических лим-фоидных органах мышей линии BALB/c. результаты и выводы. установлено стимулирующее влия-ние полиоксидония в схеме сочетанного применения с Y. pestis EV линии нииэг на процессы проли-ферации клеток в т-зонах лимфоидных органов, на активацию в них субпопуляции т-и в-лимфоцитов по увеличению доли специфически окрашенных маркером CD25 клеток и ядер лимфоцитов с большим содержанием аргирофильных гранул, косвенно характеризующих функциональное состояние ядерного аппарата в них, а также на интенсификацию реакции клеток нейроэндокринного окружения лимфоид-ных структур. по результатам комплексного морфологического анализа детализированы особенности морфофункциональных изменений в иммунокомпетентных органах биомодели, свидетельствующие о перспективности применения полиоксидония с целью повышения эффективности противочумной вак-цинации.Ключевые слова: чумная вакцина, иммуномодулятор, органы иммуногенеза. Objective of the study is to specify the character and dynamics of morpho-functional changes in the organs of peripheral immune system of BALB/c mice in case of immunization with vaccine Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG strain against the background of immune modulation. Materials and methods. Applying a combination of histological, histo-chemical, immune histo-chemical methods, and morphometric analysis, defined has been the targeting of immunological processes in peripheral lymphoid organs of BALB/c mice. Results and conclusions. Revealed has been stimulating effect of polyoxidonium in concomitant use of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG, on the processes of cell proliferation in T-zones of lymphoid organs, on activation of T-and B-lymphocyte sub-population in them by reference to the increment in the amount of specifically stained with CD25 marker cells and nuclei of lymphocytes with high argyrophil granule content, indirectly characterizing the functional state of nuclei apparatus, as well as on response intensification of neuroendocrine environment of lymphoid structures. Based ...
Цель исследование неоднородных популяций лейкоцитов крови и брюшной полости мышей, иммунизированных кап-сульным антигеном чумного микроба. В работе использовали мышей самцов линии BALB/c. Реакцию клеток иммунофаго-цитарной системы оценивали методом проточной цитофлу-ометрии, по показателям интенсивности прямого и бокового светорассеяния, коррелирующим соответственно с измене-ниями клеточного объема и внутриклеточной гранулярности. Информация, полученная в ходе работы, свидетельствует об эффективности применения выбранных клеточных показате-лей при оценке уровня реактивности организма на противо-чумную вакцинацию. Ключевые слова: противочумная вакцинация, проточная цито-метрия, реактивность организма.
Intestinal dysbiosis of male Wistar rats was induced by ampicillin and metronidazole. Indigenous enterococci (group E), lactobacilli (group L), bifididobacteria (group B) were isolated from feces before the antibiotic usage and then separately or as mixture of three strains (group M) were given to the animals for 4 days. Rats from control group 1 (C1) didn`t receive autoprobiotics. Animals from control group 2 (C2) didn`t receive antibiotics and auto probiotics. The study of fecal samples, collected on 4 th and 9 th days of experiment, was performed by RT-PCR and by metagenome 16S rRNA analysis. The cluster differentiation of lymphocytes was analysed using flow cytometry.Dysbiosis is characterized (on 4 th day) by excessive abundance of filum Gammaproteobacteria, Proteus spp. (Pr) and, Klebsiella spp. (K), and decrease of Faecalibacterium sp. (F), Prevotella spp. (Pv), Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp. populations. The decrease abundance of opportunistic enterobacteria was minimal in groups C1 and M. Low efficacy against Pr and K, main decrease of Lactobacillus spp. and Paraprevotella spp. content in M group coincided with maximum shifts in cluster differentiation of lymphocytes: increase of B-cells, NK-cells, decrease of Т-сells and CD3 + CD8 + T-lymphocyte. Surprisingly no significant changes in the immunogram of rats from the group C1 could be detected.Indigenous enterococci stimulated growth of bacteroides and inhibited growth of lactobacilli and Pv. This autoprobiotic demonstrated low antagonistic activity against Pr. Indigenous lactobacilli inhibited the growth of the Pr and restored the number of Pv. and F. Significant decrease of both K and Pr percentage abundance and the increase of F were observed in group B.Changes in the composition of microbiota correlated with changes of immunity in different experimental groups. The increase in the abundance of F correlated with the increase of ThCD3 + .CD25 -FoxP3 + content in the spleen in groups L and B. It was found that content of Th CD44 + 62L + lymphocytes in the blood, which was reduced in group B and E inversely correlated with the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria.It should be noted that implementation of autoprobio tics besides the influence on microbiota have a significant effect on immunity, which varies depending of the type of autoprobiotic. The mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of auto probiotcs are not yet clear and require further studies.
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