A retrospective analysis was carried out on the basis of epidemiological indicators such as prevalence and incidence for diseases of the musculo-skeletal system and osteoarthritis among residents of Arkhangelsk region and Krasnodar region. The incidence trends to increasing for diseases of bones and joints during the period of 2000-2012 years showed (in the Russian Federation for 13 years of growth was 8%, in the Arkhangelsk Region - 31%, and the Krasnodar Region- 142%). The similar results were obtained in studies for osteoarthritis (in Russia increase by 55% over 13 years for 41% of the Arkhangelsk Region, Krasnodar Region - 46%). Maximum growth indicator prevalence of diseases of the musculo-skeletal system was observed in the Krasnodar region and was 69% and in the Arkhangelsk region - 30%, in Russia on average increase was 26%. For thirteen years also marked increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis in Russia as a whole and in the Arkhangelsk region and the Krasnodar region. Environmental and climate and geographical features of investigated regions can cause the detected differences.