Myofascial pain syndromes are rightly to enduring health problems. The authors emphasize that the etiology and pathogenesis of these conditions are reviewed with the "enviable" frequency. It is natural, it affects on the common principles of treatment and rehabilitation of this population. In this regard, the present review discuss current views on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and common principles of treatment of myofascial pain syndromes, mechanisms of action and features of the drug and non-drug methods used in the clinic vertebral neurology. The authors describe the principles of modern trends of manual therapy and reflexology. The review presents EMG and ultrasound methods for diagnosis of trigger points, the characteristics of local muscle hypertones: painful and not painful. Special attention is paid to such phenomena as dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint and laryngeal-pharyngeal block, viscero-motor reflexes and posthistory syndrome.

A large number of diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis, at different stages of their development, can have a similar clinical manifestation - a pain in the lower back and proceed masked, namely, in the form of different variants of dorsopathies. Not all of these diseases are associated with degenerative-dystrophic processes in the vertebral motor segment and myofascial disorders. A number of cancer diseases may occur with lesions of the spine both primary and secondary. In turn, this causes a clinical picture that is similar to the symptoms of dorsopathy, however, it requires a completely different treatment. A latent cancer course, the absence of proper medical examination of the people, incomplete examination, at first glance "easy" patients can lead to serious diagnostic errors, and as a consequence, incorrect treatment, with all the ensuing irreparable to the patient´s health consequences. Such patients at any time may be on the appointments to specialist for vertebra-neurological patients (manual therapists, reflex therapists, osteopaths and others). Both beginners and experienced doctors should always remember this. The authors of this article draw attention to this. This article presents clinical picture and pain syndrome of the most common tumors and distinguishing features of it at the dorsopathies. This information, as well as clinical cases considered in this paper will allow the specialist to sus-pect possible oncological implications of pain in the patient and recommending further examination to avoid serious medical errors.