В.Б. БЕЛОБОРОДОВ, д.м.н., профессор, В.А. СИНИКИН Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России, Москва СОВРЕМЕННАЯ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИНозокомиальная пневмония терминологически объединяет все виды пневмонии, которые возникают у госпитализирован-ных пациентов: пневмонию у пациентов вне искусственной вентиляции легких (госпитальная пневмония, пневмония, связанная с оказанием медицинской помощи) и нозокомиальную пневмонию, связанную с проведением ИВЛ (НПивл), или вентилятор-ассоциированную пневмонию (ВАП). Существенным отличием нозокомиальной пневмонии от внебольничной является разнообразная этиологическая структура, что существенно усложняет выбор антибактериальных препаратов, на этапе эмпирической терапии возникает необходимость применения антибиотиков, активных в отношении внебольничной и нозокомиальной флоры. Роль карбапенемов, в частности дорипенема, в лечении нозокомиальной пневмонии является ведущей в связи с его высокой активностью в отношении резистентной флоры.Ключевые слова: нозокомиальная пневмония, госпитальная флора, карбапенемы, дорипенем. V.B. BELOBORODOV, MD, Prof., V.A. SINIKIN Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow MODERN ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY IN HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIAHospital-acquired pneumonia terminologically unites all types of pneumonia that arise in hospitalized patients: pneumonia in patients beyond artificial lungs ventilation (hospital pneumonia, medical aid-associated pneumonia) and hospital acquired pneumonia related to ALV (HAalv) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). A considerable difference of the hospital-acquired pneumonia from the community-acquired one is a different etiologic structure, which considerably complicates the choice of antibacterial drugs, at the stage of empirical therapy a necessity arises to use antibiotics active against community and hospital flora. The role of carbapenems, doripenem in particular, in therapy of hospital-acquired pneumonia is leading due to its high activity against the resistant flora.
Introduction. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common type of nosocomial infection. It’s characterized high mortality (24-76%), leads to increase of mechanical ventilation length, length of stay in intensive care units, significant increase of hospital length of stay and cost of care. The aim of this study was to perform the systematic analysis of the current literature devoted to the problem of airway bacterial colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prophylaxis. Objectives of the study: the definition of the value of airway bacterial colonization in clinical practice, feasibility of airway bacterial colonization monitoring, prophylaxis, VAP diagnosis and prophylaxis which based on the bacterial colonization monitoring data. For the solution of the designated objectives in the scientific medical databases Medscape and Pubmed there was performed the search for the publications on subject headings, covering these problems. Conclusion. Airway bacterial colonization by potential infectious agent is a one of the key stage in VAP development. Prospective bacterial colonization monitoring (in addition to laboratory and instrumental analysis, clinical presentation) enable to get current microbiological data in prospective mode and to provide the targeted real-time antibacterial therapy in case of pneumonia onset. But at present this way is not convential and requires additional improvement. The guidelines to selection of time, type, technology and personalization VAP prophylaxis methods can be developed on basis of this technique.
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