The article considers and analyzes railway transport risks. The general risk classification related to the passenger traffic has also been improved. In addition, for more sophisticated study of risk management and insurance issue, the features of railway transport insurance have been identified; the rules of railway transport voluntary insurance of various insurance companies are analyzed. As the result, it was constructed an improved classification of factors influencing the efficiency of the passenger train plying and associated with risks for passenger traffic, based on the studies carried out. The need to take into account the main factors affecting the efficiency of passenger transportation along with railway transport risks were noted. This should ensure an increase in the efficiency of passenger transportations and their competitiveness in the transport market of the country.

No abstract

The research is aimed at determining the influence of negative ethical emotions on social life and the activity of the individual, which involves solving the following problems: a) to find out approaches to the typology of ethical emotions, b) to highlight individual negative ethical emotions and to determine their ability to influence human behaviour. Theoretical basis. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the recognition of the significant influence of negative emotions on human activity in society. In this regard, it is proposed to consider them as a complex multidisciplinary phenomenon, which is predetermined by both social and personal factors of origin and has a certain specificity of objectification. Originality. The authors determined that in addition to destructive effects on a person of negative emotions, they can also have a constructive effect on person's behaviour, due primarily to the fact that a person does not want to experience these emotions and therefore tries to avoid situations they cause. Conclusions. The ethical emotions of guilt, embarrassment, anger, disgust and contempt can affect, through the cognitive aspect of the emotional process, the decision-making process of people when they predict situations in which they risk to feel such emotions. So the emotion of guilt creates a constructive setup aimed at correcting inappropriate social norms of human behaviour. The emotion of embarrassment motivates a person to behave more benevolently in society in order to integrate in it and get its approval, thus encouraging the person to adhere to social and moral agreements and norms. The emotion of anger motivates a person to act to eliminate injustice, herewith not only in relation to himself, but also in relation to others. Rejecting those people who cause moral and social aversion, society creates a system of punishments and rewards that acts as a strong deterrent to the sociocultural behaviour. The emotion of contempt performs the function of preventing punishment in relation to the despised individual.

No abstract

No abstract