Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is a versatile crop, corn which is used for forage and fodder (for feeding agricultural animals, birds, fishes), as well as a source of raw materials for the food processing industry. Especially important is the cultivation of sorghum in the lower Volga region of Russia, characterized by frequent soil and air droughts. In "Rossorgo" scouting for earliness, high yield, improved grain quality, resistance to diseases and pests. The test sorghum genotypes were conducted at the experimental field of center "Rossorgo" in 2014-2016. All records of productivity elements of productivity and biochemical evaluation of grains are made according to standard techniques. The results of long-term work were identified and approved for use in the lower Volga region 12 varieties and 2 hybrids of sorghum. Varieties Pischevoe 35, Pischevoe 614, Кremovoe, Fakel can be used in the food industry. Grits from grain of sorghum has a higher ratio of the cooking property in comparison with cereals from other cultures. The early-maturing varieties Perspektivny 1 and Start, intended for planting with different width of spacing -15, 45 and 70 cm were bred. Varieties of Granat, Volzhskoe 44, Avans and hybrids Irgiz, Volgar, combine high yields (5.31-10.8 t/ha) and 11.32-12.56% of crude protein in grain. Heterotic hybrids of Irgiz and Volgar are by tall (149.6 of 175.9 cm) and highest grain yield (8.02-10.8 t/ha). As raw material for starch varieties recommended Avans, Volzhskoe 44, Sarmat, Perspektivny 1, Geliofor, Volzhskoe 4, Topaz and hybrid Volgar with content in grain starch 72.31-75.60%. New varieties (Azart, Geliofor, Magistr, Bogdan, Bakalavr, Granat) characterized by a high content of starch (71.47-74.50%) and medium protein (the 11.04-12.59%), pass state testing. Thus, "Rossorgo" offers a farmer a range of cultivars and hybrids of grain sorghum, allowing the obtaining stable yields of grain and extending the use of culture in the region.

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The results of studying 32 variety samples and lines of grain sorghum are presented, as well as experimental data on the genotypes of vegetative and generative traits, and the biochemical composition of grain. When considering the elements of the structure of the grain sorghum crop, we proceeded from the understanding that the yield is directly dependent on the number of grains per 1 m2 and their mass of 1000 grains. Since the plant standing density was the same for all the studied samples, genotypes with a large mass of grains of 1 plant were noted (k-3568, k-3867, k-3900, k-3904, k-8926), which depends on the number of productive stems per plant and weight of 1000 grains. The following cultivars are characterized by the largest mass of 1000 grains: k-3568, k-3900, k-3904, k-3911, k-3962, k-3967, k-3970, k-8926. The average weight of grains from 1 panicle varied in the range from 14.1 to 22.7 g, and the biological grain yield was 3.69 ... 6.19 t / ha (with a grain moisture content of 13%). The output of gross energy for cattle is from 3.99 to 6.69 energetic feed unit. Energy assessment and feed value are determined by the biochemical composition of the grain. In the experiment, variety specimens with high protein content were revealed: k-3902, k-3946, k-3959, k-3970. More than 4.0% of fat was detected in the grain of the variety samples: k-3867, k-3911, k-3957, k-3967, k-3970, k-3973.

The results of studies of economically valuable traits of various varieties and new lines of winter wheat are presented. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Saratov State Agrarian University, located in the Lower Volga region with a sharply continental climate on dark chestnut soil. A study of the collection of varieties and lines of winter soft wheat made it possible to identify samples that are most suitable for economically valuable traits in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga Region and are highly adaptable. The largest grain yield was formed by the line  SP-108 (4.54 t / ha) and such varieties as Levoberezhnaya 3  (4.28 t / ha), Stanichnaya (4.19 t / ha), Gubernya (4.11 t / ha), Agra (4.04 t / ha), and Novoershovskaya (4.03 t / ha). Most of these varieties and lines were created by scientists from local breeding centers (Research Institute of Agriculture for  the South-East Region,  the Ershov Experimental Station and the Saratov State Agrarian University). The high content of raw gluten in the grain was revealed in the varieties: Levoberezhnaya 3 (35.3%), Aelita (34.7%), Patriarch (34.6%), Dzhangal (34.3%), Lutescens 72 (34.3% ), Zernogradka 9 (34.2%), Yunona (33.8%), Yesaul (33.7%); lines SP-137 (33.7%) and SP-110 (34.9%). The best indicators of IDK were found in such varieties as Levoberezhnaya 3 (67.8 units), Dzhangal (69.4 units), Aelita (73.7 units), lines SP-137 (69.0 units) and SP-110 (71.2 units). The noted varieties and lines of winter wheat are recommended for further breeding in the direction of increasing drought tolerance, adaptability and productivity of the crop in the arid zone of the Lower Volga Region. The SP-108 line (SGAU 11/2019) allocated for high productivity potential was transferred to the state variety test under the name Elegya (Stepnaya 19).