Skin has the natural ability to heal and replace dead cells regulated by a network of complex immune processes. This ability is conferred by the population of resident immune cells that act in coordination with other players to provide a homeostatic environment under constant challenge. Other than providing structure and integrity, the epidermis and dermis also house distinct immune properties. The dermal part is represented by fibroblasts and endothelial cells followed by an array of immune cells which includes dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, mast cells, NK-cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, αβ T lymphocytes, B-cells and platelets. On the other hand, the functionally active immune cells in the epidermis comprise keratinocytes, DCs, NKT-cells, γδ T cells and αβ T cells (CD4+ and CD8+). Keratinocytes create a unique microenvironment for the cells of the immune system by promoting immune recognition and cellular differentiation. T lymphocytes exhibit tissue-specific tropism toward the epidermis and the lymphatic drainage system important for their function in immune regulation. This diversity in immune regulators makes the skin a unique organ to overcome pathogenic or foreign invasion. In addition, the highly coordinated molecular events make the skin an attractive model to understand and explore its regenerative potential.

The platelet automesoconcentrate is a complex biotechnological product based on autologous growth factors and oligopeptides obtained from the patient's blood platelets. The purpose of this study was evaluation of our own first treatment results and improvement of the quality of life in patients with pathology of the musculoskeletal system after treatment with platelet automesoconcentrate. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of 76 patients (24 patients with knee osteoarthritis, 21 patients with epicondylitis of the elbow joint and 31 patients with the knee joint meniscal lesions Stoller I-IIb), who were treated in the clinic of the State Institution "Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics" of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine and in the “Virtus” clinic. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of pain was performed by visual analog scale score. The evaluation of dysfunction and quality of life were performed by the standardized Lysholm and Oxford scales according to the affected segment and pathology. Results and discussion. The positive dynamics of the knee joint functional ability was observed in cases of the 1 and 2 osteoarthrosis grades by 43.6% and 62.1% (in a year). In patients with osteoarthrosis grade 3, a slight improvement was observed in a short-term period, but after 6 months received results gradually decrease and after a year, they were only 4.3% compared with the baseline level (Oxford). The positive dynamics of the elbow joint functional ability for 3 months was 75%. In general, after 6 months, full recovery of the elbow joint function was observed in 15 patients, restrictions at high physical exertion remained in 6 patients. In case of the knee joint menisci lesion, an increase in functional activity was observed in 23 cases by more than 58.8% (Oxford) and increased mean values from 70 (before treatment) to 82 points (Lysholm). Conclusion. The study showed advantages of the platelets automesoconcentrate in patients with osteoarthrosis and the knee meniscal lesions, elbow joint epicondylitis, in clinically difficult cases with the ineffectiveness of previous treatment

Витилиго – это хроническое приобретенное нарушение пигментации кожи, характеризующееся наличием резко ограниченных депигментированных участков кожи часто симметричных, что связано с потерей функционирующих эпидермальных меланоцитов и иногда меланоцитов волосяных фолликулов. Встречается примерно в 0,5–2% популяции, однако точную распространенность трудно оценить, так как она отличается в разных географических регионах и среди разных этнических групп. В зависимости от площади, симметричности поражения кожи при витилиго и активности процесса выделяют различные классификации данного заболевания. Витилиго – значимая психологическая и социальная проблема, заболевание может привести к серьезному нарушению качества жизни пациента, особенно если задействованы видимые области тела (лицо, руки). Витилиго является многофакторным заболеванием, которое связано как с генетическими, так и с негенетическими факторами. Патогенез витилиго до настоящего времени остается дискутабельным. Выделяют аутоиммунную теорию, теорию повреждения меланоцитов, теорию оксидативного стресса, а также комбинированную теорию патогенеза витилиго. До настоящего времени многие вопросы этиопатогенеза витилиго остаются недостаточно изученными. Vitiligo is a chronic acquired disorder of skin pigmentation, characterized by the presence of sharply limited depigmented areas of the skin, often symmetrical, which is associated with the loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes and sometimes melanocytes of hair follicles. It occurs in about 0.5–2% of the population, however, the exact prevalence is difficult to estimate, since it differs in different geographical regions and among different ethnic groups. Depending on the area, the symmetry of skin lesions with vitiligo and the activity of the process, various classifications of this disease are distinguished. Vitiligo is a significant psychological and social problem; a disease can lead to a serious violation of thepatient’s quality of life, especially if visible areas of the body (face, hands) are involved. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease that is associated with both genetic and non-genetic factors. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is still debatable. The autoimmune theory, the theory of damage to melanocytes, the theory of oxidative stress, as well as the combined theory of the pathogenesis of vitiligo are distinguished. To date, many issues of etiopathogenesis of vitiligo remain insufficiently studied.

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