The task of the chisel paws is to ensure a given stroke depth in conditions of increased soil density, and also to create conditions for improving the accumulation of moisture and air in the soil. There is no need to overlap deformations in the soil, which are distributed under the action of the chisel paws. The method of subsurface cultivation of the soil, which creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of soybeans and provides high grain yields in comparison with plowing, is studied. The influence of local processing on the conditions of growth, development and formation of plant productivity is determined in comparison with traditional processing. The technology of soybean cultivation in experiments, excluding the studied factors, was generally accepted for the eastern foreststeppe of Ukraine. The effectiveness of local loosening of the soil for soybean sowing is determined in comparison with the dump cultivation. The moisture content in the soil by the beginning of spring field work in all areas where local loosening of the soil was carried out in autumn was 0,4-1,3 % higher compared to plowing. The highest density of plants and field germination were on the variant of local loosening of the soil to a depth of 40 cm with the placement of paws through one meter, being equal 76,6 %. The difference in moisture content in the heap and non-heap tillage persisted until the flowering phase. The moisture content in this period in the areas of local loosening of the soil was 0,6-4,8 % higher compared to plowing, this improved the conditions for soybean growth, which height of plants on the variants of local loosening of the soil was 2,1-3,8 cm. In all variants of subsurface tillage the grain yield was higher than in the control by 0,03-0,07 t/ha. The highest yield was on the options for subsurface tillage to a depth of 40 cm - 1,03 t/ha.

Õàðüêîâñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé òåõíè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà èì. Ï.Ì. Âàñèëåíêî, Õàðüêîâ, Óêðàèíà, gara176@meta.ua Ïðåäìåòîì èññëåäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîöåññ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ðàáî÷èõ îðãàíîâ ðîòîðà ïî÷âîîáðàáàòûâàþùåé ðûõëèòåëüíî-ñåïàðèðóþùåé ìàøèíû. Îáúåêòîì èññëåäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íîae ðîòîðà, òðàíñïîðòèðóþùàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü êîòîðîãî îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ðàçìåðàìè áîðîçäêè, îñòàâëåííîé èì â ïî÷âå, ñ ôîðìîé ïîïåðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíèÿ, êîòîðàÿ áëèçêà ê ôîðìå òðàïåöèè. Ðàññìîòðåí ôèçè÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ñ ïî÷âîé íîaeà ðîòîðà ðûõëèòåëüíî-ñåïàðèðóþùåãî óñòðîéñòâà.  ïåðâîé ôàçå, ïðè çàãëóáëåíèè íîaeà â ïî÷âó ïåðåä íîaeîì îáðàçóåòñÿ íàðîñò ïî÷âû. Âî âòîðîé ôàçå ðàáîòû íîaeà ïî÷âà íàõîäèòñÿ ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì íàðîñòà, âåëè÷èíà êîòîðîãî óâå-ëè÷èâàåòñÿ äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà âíóòðåííèå íàïðÿaeåíèÿ â íåì íå äîñòèãíóò ïðåäåëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé è íå ïðîèçîéäåò åãî ÷àñòè÷íîå ðàçðóøåíèå.  òðåòüåé ôàçå âîçäåéñòâèÿ íîaeà íà ïî÷âó íàðîñò íà÷èíàåò îòäåëÿòüñÿ îò îñíîâíîé ÷àñòè ïî÷âû è ñáðàñûâàåòñÿ ñ ñåïàðèðóþùåé ðåøåòêè. Îïðåäåëåíû íàïðàâëåíèå è âåëè÷èíà ñìåùåíèÿ ïî÷âû, à òàêaeå ïàðàìåòðû è ôîðìà áîðîçäêè, îáðàçîâàííîé ïîñëå ïðîõîäà íîaeà. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî íàèáîëüøóþ ñèëó âëèÿíèÿ íà òðàíñïîðòèðóþùóþ ñïîñîáíîñòü íîaeà ðîòîðà îêàçûâàåò òîëùèíà ïîäàâàåìîãî ñëîÿ ïî÷âû ê ðûõëèòåëüíî-ñåïàðèðóþùåìó óñòðîéñòâó è óãîë èçëîìà íîaeà ðîòîðà, íàèìåíüøóþ ñèëó âëèÿíèÿ îêàçûâàåò øèðèíà íîaeà ðîòîðà. Äîêàçàíî, ÷òî óâåëè÷åíèå òðàíñïîðòèðóþùåé ñïîñîáíîñòè ðîòîðà â íà÷àëüíûé ìîìåíò âõîäà íîaeà â ïî÷âó ìîaeåò áûòü äîñòèãíóòî, â îñíîâíîì, çà ñ÷åò ñíèaeåíèÿ âåëè÷èíû óãëà âõîaeäåíèÿ íîaeåé ðîòîðà â ïî÷âó. Ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ðàáîòû ïðèìåíåíû òåîðåòè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìåõàíèêî-ìàòåìà-òè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ðàáî÷èõ îðãàíîâ ñ ïî÷âîé. Èñõîäíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ äëÿ îáîñíîâàíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîëó÷åíà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî è ïóòåì àíàëèçà ëèòåðàòóðíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ. Àêòóàëüíîñòü ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî óâåëè÷åíèå òðàíñïîðòèðóþùåé ñïîñîáíîñòè ðîòîðà çà ñ÷åò ñíèaeåíèÿ âåëè÷èíû óãëà âõîaeäåíèÿ íîaeåé â ïî÷âó äàñò âîçìîaeíîñòü íå èçìåíÿòü âåëè÷èíû ðàäèóñà è óãëîâîé ñêîðîñòè ðîòîðà, êîòîðûå îïðåäåëÿþò ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè ðàáîòû ðûõëèòåëüíî-ñåïàðèðóþùåãî óñòðîéñòâà. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïðîöåññ, ðîòîð, ñåïàðèðóþùàÿ ðåøåòêà, êà÷åñòâî, ýíåðãîåìêîñòü, íîae, ïî÷âà, ôîðìà, àãðåãàò, êðîøåíèå.The subject of research is the process of interaction between the working bodies of the rotor of a soil-cultivating loosening and separating vehicle. The object of the study is a rotor knife, the transporting ca-pacity of which is determined by the size of the grooves left in the soil with a cross-sectional shape close to the trapezoid shape. The physical process of interaction with the soil of the rotor blade of a loosening and separating device is considered. In the first phase, when the knife is buried in the soil, a soil build-up is formed in front of the knife. In the second phase of the knife operation, the soil is under the influence of a build-up, the magnitude of which increases until the internal stresses in it reach the limit values and do not partially break it down. In the third ph...