Дается обзор результатов, связанных с понятием ультраметричности в стеклах. Приведено доказательство ультраметричности пространства реплик для произвольной модели спинового стекла с отражательной симметрией. Задача описания динамики систем с ультраметрическим пространством состояний решается с помощью функционального метода Келдыша неравновесной динамики, в котором квазинеэргодичность системы учитывается посредством введения иерархического спектра времен релаксации.

Предлагаются статическая и динамическая формулировки теории перехо-да жидкость-стекло, основанной на калибровочной теории стекла и флуктуа-ционной теории фазовых переходов. Согласно предложенной теории переход жидкость-стекло представляет собой недостижимый фазовый переход второ-го рода, блокируемый преждевременным критическим замедлением релакса-ции калибровочного поля, вызванным фрустрацией системы. Показано, что предложенная теория на качественном уровне хорошо согласуется с экспери-ментальными данными.Ключевые слова: переход жидкость-стекло, неравновесная динамика, калибровоч-ные поля.

The purpose of researches is development of old-age grass with Central Volga area East Galena Officinalis L. productive longevity extension methods. Results of researches for 2013-2015 with an assessment of structure factor of harvest, dynamics of accumulation of green material, nonvolatile solid, to the photosynthetic potential of a East goat’s rue are given in article. Entered three-factor experiment in studying of formation of an agrophytocenoses on extension of productive longevity of herbage: options of processing of the soil loosening on 35-38 cm, loosening on 14-16 cm with a disking on 4-6 cm, a disking on 4-6 cm (factor A); application of fertilizers of N48P48K48 and N32P32K32 (factor B) and costrets subsowing (factor C). By researches it is revealed that at a revenascence all options had quite good results, application of fertilizers substantially increased the number of escapes of East Galena Officinalis L. on average on 19.5-21.4 pieces/sq.m, on option of 1999 of crops their maximum was received by 307 pieces/sq.m ,grass productivity in 1999 of crops was much better, than in 1992. But both grasses had top yield of 4-6 cm, with costrets subsowing and increase in a mineral delivery of 11.7-12.1 t/ha. Photosynthetic potential during branching the most maximal in all studied options, but at budding it goes down almost on a half that is characteristic of long-term herbs. Results of the conducted researches allow to draw a conclusion on what type of reception of processing can be carried out in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Central Volga Area.

The purpose of researches is isolation and selection of source material of flax and the best typical alife plants unable to further their involvement in the selection process. Linen oilseed is a valuable crops that are widely used in the industry. From it the oil and cheap vegetable protein for animal husbandry are made. Linseed contains up to 48% oil, which is used in the form of food and industrial raw materials for number of industries. Introduction of new varieties of flax, combining high productivity and drought resistance, is the main means of improving this crop yields. In the experiment on ecological strain testing it was studied 10 varieties of oil flax selection by All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops and Siberian Experimental Station of All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops. Standard is variety of Kustanaiskii yantar. The replication of experience fourfould, the method of comparison. The area of the plot – 40 m2. The seeding rate of 7 million seeds/ha. On average for the period 2009-2014 most were maturing varieties of flax Bizon, VNIIMK 620 – 76 days. The tallest are varieties Linol – 62 cm, Severnyi, Sokol – 60 cm. The optimal indexes on the structure of crop noted at sorts Severnyi (number of boxes on one plant – 45, number of seed in box – 9, mass of 1000 seed – 7.4 g) and the Legur (number of boxes on one plant – 54, number of seed in box – 8, mass of 1000 seed – 6.5 g). Highest productivity, higher standard, formed a varieties of oilseed flax Bison (yield – 16.8 c/ga, oil – 39.6%), Rucheek (yield – 14.2 c/ga, oil – 43.1%), Severnyi (yield – 14.0 c/ga, oil – 43.6%).