The paper deals with the basic concepts and key problems of creating financial stability, as well as the role of central banks in its provision. The role of central banks in providing financial stability is extremely important and has a double manifestation -is the maintenance of the stability of the national currency and the responsibility for the stability of commercial banks and the banking system. The central element of any financial system is always banks, so the emergence of systemic instability in the bank ing sector always has a negative impact on financial stability in general and has extremely negative socioeconomic implications for the country as a whole. The present study provides a thorough analysis of the essence of financial stability, the main challenges faced by central banks in monitoring financial sector and examines the global experience of central banks of different countries to ensure financial stability and their role in these processes. This paper highlights the common and distinctive features of the activities of the central banks of the most developed and developing countries towards the achievement of financial stability. Our paper focuses on the activities of the National Bank of Ukraine. In particular, its role in ensuring financial stability of the country is described and directions of its consolidation are indicated. The major task of the National Bank of Ukraine on the way to financial stability in the post -crisis period selected, the maximum possible mitigation Ukrainian banks consequences of the global financial crisis; increase of financial stability of banking institutions; strengthening of public confidence in banks and the banking system. As a result of the conducted, the key factors of achievement of the set tasks, as well as the main directions of application of monetary instruments of the National Bank of Ukraine in the activities aimed at increasing the stability of banks and ensuring financial stability, were determined.