Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that constrain lending to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, to suggest ways to improve their lending system. A systematic approach was chosen as the methodological basis of the study, which provides for a comprehensive study of the bank lending system of the agro-industrial complex. Historical and structural-functional approaches were also used in its analysis. Methods of comparative analysis were used to consider some problems of bank lending to the agro-industrial complex. Of the general scientific methods in this study, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. The article examines the dynamics and structure of loans to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015-2020; the dynamics of interest rates on loans to the agro-industrial complex and the dynamics of agricultural production by UAH 1. credit provision of the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015-2020. During the analyzed period, these indicators increase or decrease proportionally, as evidenced by the importance of the efficiency of credit support of the agar sector. In 2020, the efficiency of credit provision of the agricultural sector amounted to UAH 11.64, which is UAH 0.4 more than in 2015. The analysis revealed that the agro-industrial complex today has a high need for financial resources. The characteristic of the main problems of the mechanism of crediting of an agro-industrial complex is given. The need to ensure the availability of bank loans has been identified. Stimulating investment lending to agricultural enterprises will have a positive impact on the development of the industry, as well as improve the existing economic situation of rural residents. High demand for credit resources from agricultural producers, the current state and dynamics of lending to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine allow us to conclude that it is necessary to improve the mechanism of bank loans, develop effective credit products for the agro-industrial complex and strengthen state support for agricultural lending. Keywords: credit, banks, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, credit programs for the agro-industrial complex. JEL classification G21, Q14 Formulas: 0; fig.:3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.

The article considers the current problem of strengthening monetary policy in Ukraine. Competent monetary measures of the NBU in the first months of the war ensured the smooth functioning of the banking system and payments in the economy. Fixing the exchange rate was ensured by currency restrictions, as well as foreign exchange interventions. The gradual adaptation of Ukraine's economy to the war and the replacement of psychological shock by economic logic require a change in approaches to monetary policy. The article substantiates the need to strengthen the monetary policy of the NBU. Strengthening the monetary policy of the NBU is aimed at compressing the money supply, and its effectiveness depends on the coordination of measures with the government. The way in which inflation expectations are formed influences the consequences of monetary policy. Therefore, the NBU, which aims at price stability, should take into account the inflation expectations of economic agents when planning monetary measures. Adaptive and rational hypotheses of inflation expectations are estimated. It is established that the reasons for the differences in the mechanisms of inflation expectations are explained by rational expectations and ways of disseminating information. It is concluded that the main focus in assessing monetary policy is to determine the characteristics of the factors shaping inflation expectations in Ukraine. The NBU can increase the effectiveness of monetary policy by developing and implementing measures to strengthen the impact on inflation expectations of economic agents.

Abstract. Low level of financial literacy and coverage of the population with banking services is one of the urgent problems of Ukrainian society. Methodical approaches to a comprehensive integrated assessment of the level of financial inclusion are proposed. The key components of financial inclusion (FI) have been identified, which include: welfare, awareness, accessibility, involvement and usage. Their economic meaning, logical sequence and interconnectedness are revealed. An algorithm for evaluation is proposed, which includes successive stages: substantiation of FI components; selection of analytical indicators for each component; calculation of sub-indexes of components and their normalization; weighing sub-indexes based on professional judgments; calculation of the resulting indicator — the integrated index of financial inclusion (IFI). For each component of financial inclusion, a primary set of analytical indicators-indicators is formed, which are divided into stimulators and disincentives. For all components, their standardized value and significance factor are calculated. A «thermal» mapping of the dynamics of sub-indexes by components for 2000—2019 was carried out. It was found that the intensification of the development of non-cash payments and digital banking services contributed to the growth of the component of usage, and the reduction in the number of banking institutions led to a decrease in the level of availability of banking services. A comprehensive economic and statistical assessment of the level of financial inclusion in Ukraine has been carried out. Integral IFI is calculated as the geometric mean of individual sub-indexes. A composite map of financial inclusion of the population of Ukraine is constructed. The map clearly shows the low indicators of the basic components of financial inclusion — well-being and awareness. The directions of improvement of the methodology by expanding the list of analytical indicators are substantiated. The main problems and destructive factors that reduce the level of financial inclusion in the country are highlighted. It is substantiated that the method of assessing the level of financial inclusion is necessary for monitoring and preventive identification of possible problems.Keywords: financial inclusion, components of financial inclusion, accessibility, involvement, usage, analytical indicators, indices of financial inclusion, map of financial inclusion, integrated indicator of financial inclusion. JEL Classification: D14, E21, G02, Е27 Formulas: 3; fig.: 4; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.

The paper deals with the basic concepts and key problems of creating financial stability, as well as the role of central banks in its provision. The role of central banks in providing financial stability is extremely important and has a double manifestation -is the maintenance of the stability of the national currency and the responsibility for the stability of commercial banks and the banking system. The central element of any financial system is always banks, so the emergence of systemic instability in the bank ing sector always has a negative impact on financial stability in general and has extremely negative socioeconomic implications for the country as a whole. The present study provides a thorough analysis of the essence of financial stability, the main challenges faced by central banks in monitoring financial sector and examines the global experience of central banks of different countries to ensure financial stability and their role in these processes. This paper highlights the common and distinctive features of the activities of the central banks of the most developed and developing countries towards the achievement of financial stability. Our paper focuses on the activities of the National Bank of Ukraine. In particular, its role in ensuring financial stability of the country is described and directions of its consolidation are indicated. The major task of the National Bank of Ukraine on the way to financial stability in the post -crisis period selected, the maximum possible mitigation Ukrainian banks consequences of the global financial crisis; increase of financial stability of banking institutions; strengthening of public confidence in banks and the banking system. As a result of the conducted, the key factors of achievement of the set tasks, as well as the main directions of application of monetary instruments of the National Bank of Ukraine in the activities aimed at increasing the stability of banks and ensuring financial stability, were determined.